Structure of DNA
Base pairings
Genotypes
Chromosomes
Phenotypes
100
What is DNA?
deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material in humans and almost every other organism
100
What are the acronyms of the bases used for base pairing?
A, T, C, and G
100
What does homologous mean?
individuals carrying the same alleles in a pair are called homologous.
100
what is the center part of the chromosome?
centromere
100
what is the definition of phenotype?
The physical appearance of an organism
200
What are the chemical buliding blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
200
What bonds the two chosen bases together?
hydrogen bonds
200
What is the difference between homologous and heterozygous?
Heterozygous refers to the different inherited forms of a gene, while homologous means inheriting the same.
200
Have many chromosomes come from each parent?
23 chromosomes
200
which of the following is a phenotype? Gray hair or Bb?
gray hair
300
Who was the first person to discover the structure of DNA?
Friedrich Miescher
300
What are the base pairing rules?
A must pair with T, and C must pair with G
300
What is an example of heterozygous?
Aa
300
true or false. Two sister chromatids make up a chromosome after duplication.
true
300
what is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype refers to the physical appearance while genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
400
Why is DNA called the double helix?
The structure looks like two ladders intertwined.
400
Who discovered base pairings in DNA?
Erwin Chargaff
400
Based off the chart what are the possible genotypes?
Gg,gg
400
why do humans have 46 chromosomes?
Each human has 23 pairs, and each allele of a pair is received from the parents. The 46 chromosomes carry necessary genetic information.
400
what is a phenotypic ratio?
It states the probability of an offspring having a certain characteristic.
500
What are the three main chemical components in DNA?
a phosphate group, a sugar group, and a nitrogenous base.
500
What are the names of the bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
500
-What is a punnett square?
A punnett square is used to show the possible genotypes the offspring would have for a trait.
500
what happens if someone only has 45 chromosomes?
Only females are diagnosed with Turner syndrome, where they may have short heights, heart defects, and failure of ovaries.
500
what determines an organism’s phenotype?
The genotype of their parents