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DNA
RNA
Transcription
Translation
Mutations and "stuff"
100
Unlike RNA, DNA contains...
What is thymine?
100
Which type of RNA has codons? Which type has anticodons?
What is mRNA and what is tRNA?
100
True of False...the cell can have several RNA chains transcribing the same gene simultaneously.
What is true...this would happen when there is a high demand for a protein. (Several RNA polymerases working at once.
100
The _____ molecule is a translator because it can read a nucleic acid word mRNA codon and translates it into amino acid language
What is tRNA?
100
A change in one base pair of a gene is known as...
What is a point mutation?
200
Is the DNA the same or different in differing tissue types?
What is it is the same...different genes are turned on/off but the DNA is the same.
200
How many types of RNA are there?
What is three?...mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. rRNA is the genetic information used to make a ribosome.
200
Another name for a transcription unit (the sequence between start and stop sequences).
What is a gene?
200
How do the A and P sites work during protein synthesis?
What is to hold on to the incoming tRNA molecules enabling the amino acids to bond.
200
Explain why some base-pair substitutions may have little or no impact on protein function.
What is there is redundancy (more than one codon) that codes for a amino acid?
300
The structure of the model of DNA that Watson and Crick developed is described as what shape?
What is a double helix?
300
The code on this type of RNA corresponds to the correct amino acid. (It is the one that is read off the charts to determine which amino acid is next).
What is mRNA?
300
What does RNA polymerase bind to during transcription?
What is a promoter sequence?
300
What type of bond is formed between the amino acids during protein synthesis?
What is a peptide bond?
300
Additions/deletions can be quite serious because they result in a frameshift mutation. Explain what that means....
What is it causes all of the codons that follow to be grouped improperly?
400
There are differences between DNA and RNA...name three of them.
What is DNA = double stranded, has Thymine, can't leave the nucleus, has deoxyribose....
400
What is the minimum number of nucleotides that are necessary to complete a 3 amino acids protein?
What are 12? (start codon methionine is an amino acid, two more + the stop codon is a nucleotide but not an amino acid.)
400
What happens when RNA polymerase transcribes a terminator sequence (AATAAA)?
What is transcription ends?
400
Why/HOW do polypeptide chains fold into various 3-D shapes when the process of translation is complete?
What is due to the attractions and repelling forces between molecules (charges) and the hydrophobic/hydrophillic regions?
400
When can a cell mutation be passed on to offspring?
What is when the mutation occurs in a germ cell (sperm or egg)?
500
The three components that make up a nucleotide of DNA are:
What is deoxyribose, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base?
500
The name of the enzyme that separates the DNA strands at the sequence of DNA called the promoter and bonds RNA nucleotides as they base pair.
What is RNA polymerase?
500
Describe the process of transcription. (what starts transcription and when does it end)?
What is RNA polymerase starts the process...blah blah RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches a terminator sequence AATAAA
500
What happens to the completed protein once it is finished with translation (assuming it is going to leave the cell) include all of the organelles.
What is leaves the ER, enters a vesicle, Golgi, vesicle, exocytosis..plus describe what happens in each.
500
Explain what a mutagen is and provide two ways that they can interfere with the process of protein synthesis.
What is chemicals are substituted into the DNA segment, insert in between DNA distorting the helix, Change the bases, change base pair bonding, break the ladder, destroy repair enzymes?