DNA Structure
What is the name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the Mitotic Phases?
Cytokinesis and Mitosis
The replication forks will move in_____ directions.
Opposite
Somatic cells -
body cells
Somatic body cells have two sets of ___ Chromosomes
23
What is the backbone made up of?
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
What are the three interphases?
G1, G2, and S phase
DNA helicase enzyme breaks the _____ bond between the nitrogenous bases
Hydrogen
Somatic cells go through ___ to make identical copies of themselves.
Mitosis
Pairs of ____have similar genes that code for certain traits.
homologous chromosomes
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
What occurs in the S Phase?
Cell copies DNA in preparation for cell division
What is DNA Polymerase?
DNA polymerase joins nucleotides to create the new strands of DNA.
A chromosome is a condensed strand of
DNA
Pairs #1-22 are____
Autosomes
DNA wraps around proteins called...
Histones
What to do with old or damaged cells?
Cells that are old or damaged can go through apoptosis, which is programmed cell death
Lagging strand is built in sections called _______ as the replication fork opens.
Okazaki fragments
A section of DNA is called a___
Gene
The two copies of DNA will attach through a structure called the_____?
Centromere
DNA is usually in a loose form called
Chromatin
What occurs in the G2 phase?
Cell grows more and makes more organelles
Cell prepares for cell division
There are about _____ base pairs of DNA in your body?
3 Billion
DNA condenses at the beginning of ___ to form ____.
mitosis, chromosomes
DNA that has been replicated and then condensed forms_____?
Sister Chromatids