DNA & RNA Basics
What is the process of copying DNA into mRNA called?
Transcription
What kind of mutation causes no change to the amino acid?
Silent mutation
What tool is used to measure very small amounts of liquid?
Micropipette
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA from different organisms combined
What bioethical issue is common to both PGD and therapeutic cloning?
Embryo use and selection
Where does translation occur in the cell?
Ribosome
What mutation changes a codon to a stop codon?
Nonsense mutation
What do the numbers 2/20 on a micropipette mean?
2 microliters on a 20 µL pipette
What do restriction enzymes do?
Cut DNA at specific sequences
What does PGD stand for?
Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
What molecule carries amino acids during translation?
tRNA
A base is added or deleted. What kind of mutation is this?
Frameshift mutation
What is a centrifuge used for?
To separate substances by spinning
What is a plasmid?
A circular DNA molecule used in genetic engineering
What is one benefit of genetic sequencing?
Helps diagnose or prevent genetic diseases
What are the three stop codons?
UAA, UAG, UGA
What is a missense mutation?
A mutation that changes one amino acid
What is gel electrophoresis used for?
Separating DNA fragments by size
What is genotyping?
Identifying differences in an individual's DNA
What problem did the society in Gattaca face?
Genetic discrimination
What does a codon represent?
A sequence of 3 bases that codes for an amino acid
What type of mutation is caused by substituting one base for another?
Substitution
Why must tubes be balanced in a centrifuge?
To prevent damage and ensure even spinning
What is the purpose of therapeutic cloning?
To create stem cells for medical treatment
Name one risk of genetic engineering
Unknown effects or ethical concerns