Vocab
This is another term for a chain of amino acids
What is a polypeptide chain (would also accept primary protein)?
Give the base pairing rules for DNA and RNA
What are: DNA - A to T, G to C and RNA - A to U, G to C?
This scientist studied DNA samples from many different living organisms and produced a major discovery that lead to an understanding of the complementary nature of DNA
Who is Chargaff?
This is a large tertiary protein that carries oxygen in the blood of vertebrates
What is hemoglobin?
Individual amino acids are held together by this
What is a peptide bond?
Define a purine
What is 'a base that is made up of two nitrogen rings?'
Briefly contrast DNA and RNA
What is 'DNA is double-stranded and contains Thymine where RNA is single-stranded and contains Uracil?'
These two scientists were working to figure out the structure of DNA and focused mostly on the published results of other scientists and analyzing the geometry of the molecule to determine its structure
Who are Watson and Crick?
Name the two major components that make up the backbone of DNA or RNA
What are 1) phosphate groups and 2) sugars?
DNA Replication happens _____________ during the life of a cell
What is 'once?'
This is a pyrimidine (structurally)
What is 'a base that is made up of one nitrogen ring?'
Briefly explain/define Chargaff's Rule
What is 'this rule states that in any organism's DNA, the amount of purines always equals the amount of pyrimidines?'
This man 'scooped' Photo 51 from Rosalind Franklin
Who is Maurice Wilkins?
These scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1963 for 'discovering' the structure of DNA
Who are Watson, Crick, and Wilkins?
On the board, write the full name for DNA and RNA (must be spelled correctly!)
What are 1) Deoxyribonucleic Acid and 2) Ribonucleic Acid?
List three examples of traits that are not observable using the eye
What are 1) blood type, 2) allergies, 3) vision, 4) organ function, 5) disease presence/absence/risk factors?
Name the two purines that make up DNA
What are 1) adenine and 2) guanine?
Briefly explain who Rosalind Franklin was
What is 'an x-ray crysallographer working in the 1950's; produced 'photo 51' which elucidated the structure of DNA but was never formally recognized or given credit for this work; died at 37 from cancer due to prolonged exposure to xrays?'
Name the two pyrimidines found in RNA
What are 1) uracil and 2) cytosine?
Purines and pyrimidines are made up of mostly _____________
What is nitrogen?
Briefly explain the work of Avery (1944) and why it is significant:
What is 'working with the S- and R-strains of bacteria, he isolated proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and was able to provide *good* evidence that nucleic acids were responsible for the 'transformation' first observed by Griffith in 1928?'
Briefly describe the importance of the work of Griffith (1928)
What is 'Griffith was the first scientist to observe a 'transformation' in which a harmless bacteria transformed into a deadly bacteria?'
Briefly explain the significance of the work done by Hershey & Chase (1952)
What is 'Hershey and Chase worked with bacteriophage viruses to study the 'transformation' observed by Griffith; they were able to provide definitive evidence that the molecule of inheritance was a nucleic acid?'
Hemoglobin is a _______________ protein and is made up of ______________ amino acids
What is 'a tertiary protein' and 'made up of 574 amino acids'?
These are the two pieces of information you must have to determine the leading versus the lagging strand
What are 1) the direction of unwinding and 2) the labels indicating which direction each strand is running in (3' and 5' labels)?'