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Vocab
What/How is DNA Fingerprinting?
Applications
Gel Electrophoresis
Gel Electrophoresis
Procedure
100
A technology used to identify individuals by analyzing the DNA sequence of certain regions of their genome.
What is DNA Fingerprinting?
100
What is the first step in DNA Fingerprinting?
The collection of DNA
100
What is the most known use for DNA fingerprinting?
forensic sciences/police use
100
An example where you can use gel electrophoresis
- crime scenes - paternity testing - determining genetic disorders
100
What is used to allow the DNA fragments to migrate?
What is an electric current?
200
A tool used to separate molecules according to their mass and charge; can be used to separate fragments of DNA
What is gel electrophoresis
200
What is Fragmentation?
The use an enzyme to break the DNA into short lengths
200
What other applications use DNA fingerprinting?
Solve disputes over parentage. Determining genetic diseases within a family.
200
It is used to form the wells in the gel
What is a comb?
200
How fast do the DNA fragments travel based on their size?
Smaller DNA fragments will travel at a faster rate compared to larger DNA fragments
300
A polysaccharide polymer held together by hydrogen bonds, that forms pores in which DNA fragments migrate through
What is a gel
300
Pass an electric current across a layer of gel which has the DNA fragments at one end. The fragments will move different distances across the gel.
What is Seperation / Gel Electrophoresis
300
True or False: A blood sample would give the most information of an individual's DNA.
False, all types of cells hold the same genetic information.
300
How long is the electric current on form? (in general, not a number answer). What happens when the current is on for too long?
- It is on long enough for the DNA fragments to separate and form bands - If it is turned on for too long, the DNA fragments will fall out of the gel
300
Bands
What is formed after the DNA fragments have migrated and separated?
400
Ladder DNA
A set of DNA that can be bought, with a known lengths, used as a standard to help approximate the size of the unknown fragment samples
400
Name 2 technologies used in DNA fingerprinting.
Options: Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling Restriction fragment length polymorphism Gel Electrophoresis
400
Give an example of a real event that DNA fingerprinting can be used.
Any event involving: Paternity and Maternity Criminal Identification and Forensics Personal Identification
400
A chemical dye used to allow the DNA fragments to fluoresce under a UV light
What is ethidium bromide?
400
Why does DNA travel to the end of the tank with the anode?
DNA is negatively charged due to the phosphate groups along its backbone
500
STR
A technology used to identify individuals based on repeating short sequences of DNA in the genome that vary in length between individuals.
500
What is used to break the DNA into short segments?
Restriction enzymes
500
How do forensic scientists used DNA fingerprinting?
Collection- DNA is collect from an organism. Isolation - separate the DNA from other tissues. Fragmentation - use an enzyme to break the DNA into short lengths Separation - pass an electric current across a layer of gel which has the DNA fragments at one end. The fragments will move different distances across the gel. This is called gel electrophoresis Comparison - match the pattern of fragments on the gel with other samples of DNA
500
What are two types of gel than can be used?
Agarose and polyacrylamide
500
Explain the general steps of gel electrophoresis?
- The gel is formed using agarose powder, then placed into the tank with the combs to form the wells. - The DNA samples are prepared with dyes, then pipetted into the wells - The electric current is turned and the DNA fragments are separated to form bands - The current is turned off, and a UV light is used to analyze the DNA