DNA, Genetics, and Mutations

DNA Replication

100

The process during the life cycle of a cell in which each DNA strand is copied

DNA Replication

200

Since each DNA strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand, we can say that the process is semi- _______

Semi-conservative

300

During DNA replication, as the two DNA strands separate, a loop is formed. What is it called?

Replication bubble

400

Replication results in the synthesis of two DNA molecules. Are these molecules identical, or different?

Identical

500

In what part of the cell does DNA replication occur?

The nucleus 

Proteins

100

Each DNA fragment containing genetic information for a certain trait makes up a ______

Gene

200

Each gene contains information to synthesize a ______, which determines a trait

Protein

300

Can a change in the gene sequence alter the protein and cause a change in the individual?

(Yes or no?)

Yes

400

Proteins are chains of smaller molecules, called _____

Amino acids

500

Is the ratio always one gene to determine one protein? (1:1) Yes, or no?

No, 

One gene can determine several proteins, or several genes can influence the synthesis of one protein. 

Genetic Information

100

The part of the DNA deciphering process in which 

1. The mRNA molecule is produced

2. The base sequence is complementary to one of the DNA strands

Transcription

200

The part of the DNA deciphering process in which: 

1. A protein is produced

2. The amino acid sequence of the protein is determined by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the mRNA

Translation

300

A group of 3 nucleotides that the ribosomes can read as a genetic message

Codon

400

What determines which amino acid corresponds to each group of 3 nucleotides in a protein?

The genetic code

500

The same base triplets code for the same amino acids in almost all living things. True or false?

True!

The code is universal

Mutations

100

Changes or alterations in the genetic material of a cell

Mutations

200

What are the 3 types of mutations?

Harmful, neutral, and beneficial

300

Mutations produce new genes that did not previously exist. They are a source of ______________ in the population.

Genetic variation

400

Two types of DNA mutations that depend on origin (whether the DNA changed due to a replication error or environmental exposure)

Spontaneous and Induced mutations

500

What is a mutation that is NOT transmitted to descendents?

Somatic mutations