DNA Structure
What are the four nitrogen bases that make up DNA?
Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Thymine
Which is the DNA complement of ATA GCG GCC?
TAT CGC CGG
When undergoing protein synthesis, what is the complementary sequence for TAC?
AUG
What two organelles are involved in protein synthesis?
ribosome and nucleus
What is the function of tRNA?
to transfer RNA to the amino acid chain
Which nitrogen base is present in RNA but not DNA?
Uracil
What is the first step of DNA replication?
Bonus: What enzyme is involved?
helicase unzips the double stranded DNA molecule by breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
What is the relationship between an organism’s DNA and protein produced?
DNA determines the amino acid sequence of each protein.
Which is a change in DNA which can result in a change in amino acid sequence, protein function, or phenotype?
mutation
What is the relationship between genetic mutations and DNA?
Changes in DNA lead to genetic mutations.
Which type of bond allows DNA to be readily replicated?
hydrogen bond
During DNA replication, the DNA template is exposed to show the sequence ACG–AAT. Which bases would be arranged on the complementary strand?
TGC–TTA
What is the amino acid sequence produced by the DNA sequence GTT TTC ATA?
glutamine-lysine-tyrosine
During replication, a mutation occurs in a segment of DNA.
Original Base Sequence: ACT GAA TCA GTA Replicated Base Sequence: TGA CTT AAG TCA T
Which mutation has most likely occurred?
insertion
Which of these shows the correct order of processes in molecular biology?
DNA to protein to RNA
RNA to protein to DNA
DNA to RNA to Protein
Protein to DNA to RNA
DNA to RNA to protein
Which process produces mRNA?
transcription of DNA
What does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?
Rounds up the free-floating nucleotides and arranges them on the new DNA strand to match their complementary base pair
What is the relationship between transcription and translation?
Transcription produces the message that translation uses to make a protein.
How many amino acids are affected by the deletion of one nitrogen base?
Amino acids following the point of change are affected
Describe the process of translation?
A growing protein chain is produced by the process of translation.
An RNA sequence includes 12 bases. What is the maximum number of amino acids for which this sequence could code?
3
During protein synthesis, the RNA sequence UAC GAU CUA, is produced from the DNA sequence ATG CTA GAT. Which process is occurring?
transcription
This chart shows which amino acids are produced from different combinations of mRNA. Which amino acids will be coded for the mRNA sequence? UUU-CCU-CGU
Phenylalanine Proline Arginine
A segment of a DNA strand has the base sequence: AGA TCG ATG CAT GCA During replication, a mutation occurs and produces this DNA sequence:
AGA TGT AGC CAT GCA
Which mutation most likely occurred?
an inversion
Which is the greatest consequence of transcription being blocked in the nucleus?
The DNA would not be copied into RNA.