DNA Basics
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Double Helix
What molecule carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes?
mRna
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence
Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
Which base pairs with thymine in DNA?
Adenine
What is the process of copying DNA into RNA called?
Transcription
What type of mutation occurs when one base is substituted for another?
Point mutation
What are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA?
Nucleotides
What enzyme unzips the DNA strands during replication?
Helicase
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What do we call the things that cause mutations?
Mutagens
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is the purpose of DNA polymerase in replication?
It adds new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand and proofreads for errors
What is the process of using RNA to build a protein called?
Translation
What do cells make that can fix a mutation?
proteins
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen Bonds
What does "semiconservative replication" mean?
Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand
What type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
tRna
What kind of mutation causes sickle cell anemia?
substitution