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Structure of DNA
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutations
100
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
100
What is replication?
When DNA makes a copy of itself
100
What is transcription?
Creating RNA from a DNA template
100
What is translation?
Creating proteins from an mRNA template
100
What is a mutation?
A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
200
What is the subunit of DNA?
Nucleotide
200
What percent of a newly formed DNA is old and what percent is new?
50% is old and 50% is new
200
One side of the DNA containing a gene must be made into a mirrorlike copy called ________
mRNA
200
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosome
200
What are the three outcomes of a mutation?
A trait that is harmful, no change, or beneficial.
300
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, sugar, base
300
What are the rungs of the DNA ladder and what is the backbone of the DNA ladder?
The bases are the rungs, and the phosphate and sugar are is the backbone
300
Where does the mRNA strand go when it moves out of the nucleus? (Not the ribosome)
Into the cytoplasm
300
What does tRNA deliver to the ribosome?
Amino Acids
300
What is the difference between an insertion and a deletion?
Insertion is a mutation in which an extra base is added and deletion is a mutation in which a base is left out
400
What are the four bases in DNA?
Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine
400
What would be the complimentary DNA strand from this strand? A G G C T A
T C C G A T
400
What base replaces "T" in RNA?
Uracil
400
What does the chain of amino acids become?
A protein
400
What is a substitution?
A mutation in which the wrong base is used
500
What are the four bases of RNA?
Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine
500
Why does DNA need to replicate itself?
So that when the cell divides, each cell has a copy of the DNA
500
What is the complimentary RNA strand for the given DNA strand? C T A A G T
G A U U C A
500
What is a codon?
Three bases that code for an amino acid
500
What is a mutagen?
Any physical or chemical agent that can cause a mutation in DNA