Origins of life
The disproved idea of life coming from nonliving matter
Abiogenesis (or spontaneous generation)
The name of the sugar that RNA comtains
Ribose
The "unzipping" enzyme that separates the two DNA strands
Helicase
Give 2 reasons mitosis is important in our bodies?
- Heal tissue
- Grow
- Reproduce
The idea that the the earliest living things could have come from chemicals mixing in the oceans of the early Earth
Primordial Soup Hypothesis
The three parts of a nucleotide
Sugar, phosphate, base
What does it mean that DNA replication is "semi-conservative"
Each DNA contains one old (conserved) strand and one new one
What are at least 2 things a cell is doing during INTERPHASE?
Growing, copying DNA, making ATP energy, duplicating organelles
Scientists think this single-stranded nucleic acid was the first to self-replicate and formed the basis of the earliest lifeforms.
RNA
The proteins that DNA is wrapped around
Histones
The enzyme that adds new complimentary bases to build a new DNA strand
DNA polymerase
In which stage of mitosis is the cell in the diagram?
Metaphase
The shared ancestor of all living things on Earth
LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor)
Write the DNA bases for the complimentary strand if this is the original:
GGCATCAGCTT
CCGTAGTCGAA
This enzyme connects Okazaki fragments together at the end of replication
Ligase
If a cell has 50 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
50
What are 2 key differences between the idea that flies emerge from rotting meat and the idea that life could have come from simple chemicals in the ocean?
1. Time scale (a few days vs. billions of years)
2. Complexity of initial lifeforms (flies vs. a single cell or even simpler living system)
Write the complimentary RNA bases that would pair with this strand of DNA:
CGATTAGCAGC
GCUAAUCGUCG
Why is the lagging strand discontinuous (fragmented)?
Because it's build in the opposite direction from the unzipping of the DNA. Keeps needing new primers to start over
Make a diagram of a cell in anaphase and label the following:
- Cell membrane
- Chromatids
- Spindle fibers
- Centriole
See board