DAILY DOUBLE!
What are the names of 2 different cell division processes?
(100points for each name)
Mitosis. Meiosis.
100
How do you know when a gene is being expressed in a cell?
When proteins that are related to that specific gene are produced. (ex: Actin and Myosin are expressed in Muscle cells)
100
Where in the cell is a protein produced?
In the cytoplasm.
100
What is Recombination in the field of Genetic Engineering?
When people put genes into a virus or plasmid to copy that gene or produce a product.
200
DAILY DOUBLE!
What are all three parts to a DNA structure?
What is the structure of DNA called?
(Must get both right for all the points)
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nucleobase. The structure of DNA is in a double helix formation.
200
What is Cell Division?(Must say the two different ways for full points)
When the cell replicates into two daughter cells that are exact copies of the parent cell(mitosis). When the cell replicates into four daughter cells that have half of the DNA of the parent cell(meiosis).
200
What is the 2 main stages of Gene Expression?
1. mRNA is formed in the nucleus to transport into the cytoplasm. (Transcription)
2. A ribosome reads this information and produces a protein from the information. (Translation)
200
What is the process of a ribosome reading a mRNA strand to produce a protein called?
Translation.
200
Viruses help and hurt people. How?(Must be correct for both help and hurt people for points)
Viruses can help people from genetic engineering and recombination for gene therapy. The wild viruses hurt people by taking our nutrients and attacking our cells to produce copies of themselves.
300
What is the DNA backbone made of?(Must get the name of the sugar to be correct)
One strand of DNA is made of a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group that goes one direction. This pattern is reversed on the other strand of DNA. (The Bases are always with their base pairs unless in a mutation or other problems during DNA replication or radiation)
300
What is the name of the process from one DNA strand to 2 copies of the same DNA strand?
DNA Replication.
300
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? Do all humans have the same chromosome pairs?
23 chromosome pairs, and no. Women have an XX chromosome pair, and Men have a Xy chromosome pair.
300
What is the organelle that uses the mRNA to translate proteins?
A Ribosome.
300
What is the foreign DNA called once it is in the DNA sequence of the organism?
Recombinant DNA.
400
DAILY DOUBLE!
What are the base pairings for DNA and RNA?(You must get all base pairings to get the points, and the number of H-bonds that bonds each other)
For DNA:
Guanine to Cytosine(3 H-bonds)
Adenine to Thymine(2 H-bonds)
For RNA:
Guanine to Cytosine(3 H-bonds)
Adenine to Uracil(2 H-bonds)
400
What are the main 4 steps to Cell Division?(must get the correct order for the points)
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
400
What is the information that is written to form the genes in our DNA?(Name them)
The nucleobase pairs. (Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine)
400
What is the genetic code of a protein?(All of them must be listed correctly for the points)
Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine.
400
What two things do we humans use to get a foreign gene into the genome of another organism?
By viruses and/or plasmids.
500
List all 5 nucleobases in the body and if they are in the DNA or RNA
Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine are in DNA and Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Uracil are in RNA.
500
What is the order of cell division, and give a brief explanation of each step?
1. Prophase- Chromosomes pair up, nucleus disappears, and two poles form.
2. Metaphase- Chromosome pairs align at the equator of the two poles.
3. Anaphase- The chromosomes divide to each pole. (One of the pairs goes to one pole while the other goes to the other pole)
4. Telophase- Nuclei appear on both sides and the cell membrane separates to form two daughter cells(clones of parent cell unless mutated)
500
Any one live cell in your body has all the DNA that makes you who you are.(T/F)
True. (The genes not expressed are dormant and don't affect that specific gene.)
500
DAILY DOUBLE!
What are three proteins that help in the DNA Replication?
Helicase, DNA primase, and DNA Polymerase.
500
What is a common use of recombination in the field of Biotechnology Engineering?