Nucleic Acids
What nitrogenous bases bind together in DNA and RNA? (3 combinations needed)
A-T, G-C, A-U
What codon means start?
AUG
What separates the DNA strands?
Helicase
What binds together in the middle of the DNA double strands?
nitrogenous bases, A-T, C-G
A - ________
G - ________
(RNA)
U, C
What is the difference between ribose (RNA sugar) and deoxyribose (DNA sugar)?
When translating, whose codons do you use to find the amino acid sequence?
mRNA
What enzyme adds nucleotides to the new DNA strand that is being replicated?
DNA Polymerase III
What does the DNA backbone consist of?
Phosphate and sugar
DNA: ATG GCA CCG
mRNA:
UAC CGU GGC
Write out the names of all the bases
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil
What carries the amino acids to the growing protein strand?
What are the 3 steps of DNA transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
What is the difference between helicase and topoisomerase?
Helicase: separates the strands. Topoisomerase: prevents the DNA from getting knotted upstream of replication
Which type of RNA carries the code from the DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA
What is an example of a purine? (1/2 needed)
Adenine and guanine
Name a stop codon
UAA, UAG, UGA
What enzyme is found in transcription and not DNA replication?
RNA polymerase
On the lagging strand, ______ fragments are bound together by ____________
Okazaki, Ligase
Name and describe the three types of RNA
mRNA: carries the DNA code to the ribosome
rRNA: makes ribosome
tRNA: carries the amino acid to the ribosome
What is the structure of a monophosphate?
PO4
What does tRNA have on either end?
anticodons, amino acids
Given that there are four nitrogenous bases and that three bases form one codon that codes for one amino acid, how many different codon combinations are possible?
64 (4^3)
DNA polymerase I does what?
replaces RNA primer with DNA nucleotides
cap, AAAtail, introns are cut out