DNA Part One
Where is DNA located in the cell?
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What type of sugar is in RNA?
Ribose
What is a mutation?
A change in the structure of a gene or DNA
DNA is nucleic acid, so that means it is made of nucleotides. What are the three parts of the DNA nucleotide?
Sugar
Phosphate Group
Nitrogen Base
How do nitrogen bases pair in DNA?
A-T
G-C
What enzyme regulates RNA synthesis?
RNA Polymerase
What are the nitrogen bases of RNA?
Adenine- A
Guanine- G
Cytosine- C
Uracil- U
What type of mutation causes a change in a single nucleotide?
Point mutation
What nitrogen bases are purines?
Adenine- A
Guanine- G
What nitrogen bases are pyrimidines?
Cytosine- C
What is a start codon?
Initiates the start of translation
Initiates the termination of translation
What type of mutation causes no change in the amino acid sequence or function?
What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?
Purines have two rings
Pyrimidines have one ring
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
Sugar & Phosphate
What is a sequence of three nucleotides of RNA , and What do they code for?
Codons code for amino acids
Does DNA to RNA occur during transcription or translation?
Transcription
What type of mutation adds or deletes nucleotides causing a shift in the DNA strand?
Frameshift mutation
What are the steps of the DNA ladder made of?
Nitrogen bases
What part of the DNA strand is the 5' end, and what is the 3' end?
5'- Phosphate
3'- Sugar
Translation
Transcribe this DNA to mRNA, and then translate the mRNA to an amino acid chain.
CGT TAG CAG ATA ACA
GCA AUC GUC UAU UGU
Ala, Iso, Val, Tyr, Cys
What are the three possible outcomes of a mutation?
Helpful
Harmful
Neutral