DNA Part One
Where is DNA located in the cell?
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What type of sugar is in RNA?
Ribose
What is a mutation?
A change in the structure of a gene or DNA
What are the three parts of the DNA nucleotide?
5 Carbon Sugar
Phosphate Group
Base Pair
How do nitrogen bases pair in DNA?
A-T
G-C
What enzyme regulates RNA synthesis?
RNA Polymerase
What are the nitrogen bases of RNA?
Adenine- A
Guanine- G
Cytosine- C
Uracil- U
What type of mutation causes a change in a single nucleotide?
Point mutation
What nitrogen bases are purines?
Adenine- A
Guanine- G
What nitrogen bases are pyrimidines?
Cytosine- C
What is a start codon?
Initiates the start of translation
(AUG-- Met)
Initiates the termination of translation
What type of mutation causes no change in the amino acid sequence or function?
Can different codon sequences code for the same amino acids? Yes or No
Yes
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
Sugar & Phosphate
What is a sequence of three nucleotides?
Codons
Does DNA to RNA occur during transcription or translation?
Transcription
What type of mutation adds or deletes nucleotides causing a shift in the DNA strand?
Frameshift mutation
What are the steps of the DNA ladder made of?
Nitrogen bases
What type of bonds hold together the base pairs?
Hydrogen Bonds
Translation
Transcribe this DNA to mRNA, and then translate the mRNA to an amino acid chain.
CGT TAG CAG ATA ACA
GCA AUC GUC UAU UGU
Ala, Iso, Val, Tyr, Cys
What are the three possible outcomes of a mutation?
Helpful
Harmful
Neutral