Vocab
This is the major enzyme used during protein synthesis
What is DNA helicase (would also accept RNA polymerase)?
This is where translation occurs
What is 'in the cytoplasm at a ribosome?'
These pieces of a gene are considered to be functional/coding portions of the gene and are spliced together during RNA processing
What are exons?
These pieces of a gene are considered to be 'non-functional' and are spliced out during RNA processing
What are introns?
This is where transcription occurs
What is 'in the nucleus?'
This is the process of turning a photocopy of a gene into a protein
What is translation?
This man briefly worked with Rosalind Franklin and took some of her unpublished data when they parted ways
Who is Maurice Wilkins?
This is the process of copying a gene from a DNA strand to a piece of RNA
What is transcription?
This is the central dogma of biology:
What is 'DNA to RNA to Proteins?'
This scientist was responsible for the infamous 'Photo 51'
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This is another term for the process of protein synthesis
What is 'gene expression (or central dogma of biology)?'
This organelle is used during protein synthesis to actually build proteins
What are the ribosomes?
On the board, write the complementary RNA sequence for the following DNA strand: TAT CGG CGA AAA ATC
What is 'AUA GCC UUU UAG'
Briefly explain HOW we see redundancy built into genetic code AND explain why this is a good thing
What are 'multiple codons code for the same amino acid - this is beneficial because it reduces the overall chances of mistakes?'
Name the type of RNA that is rarely/never shown on diagrams and explain its function
What is 'rRNA - its function is to bind with certain proteins on the ribosome to hold the two ribosomal subunits together during translation?'
Briefly explain what happens during 'RNA processing?'
What is 'the non-coding sections of the gene (introns) are removed and the coding/functional sections of the gene (exons) are spliced together?'
These two structures form when a chain of amino acids grows very long and begins to fold onto itself
What are 1) alpha helix or 2) beta pleated sheet?
This is the process of going from DNA to RNA
What is transcription?
List the three major processes in which cells require access to DNA:
What are 1) cell division, 2) DNA replication, and 3) protein synthesis?
Anti-codons are always found on this type of RNA
What is tRNA?
List all three types of RNA used during protein synthesis and the major enzymes used during DNA replication
What are '1) messenger RNA, 2) ribosomal RNA and 3) transfer RNA and the enzymes are 1) helicase, 2) primase, 3) DNA polymerase, 4) exonuclease, 5) ligase?'
Why do we think that the end product of gene expression has evolved to always be a protein?
What is 'because proteins can take on many complex shapes and are the most structurally diverse of all the biomolecules?'
List the five major facts about genetic code that we discussed in class
What is 'Genetic code is: 1) redundant, 2) universal, 3) lacks punctuation, 4) broken up into codons, and 5) has directionality?'
Briefly explain the importance of the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins in biology:
What is 'living organisms cannot make nucleic acids (DNA) without the use of proteins (replication enzymes) and living organisms cannot built proteins (and express genes) without the use of nucleic acids (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA)?'
Name the four basic structures of proteins AND briefly define them
What is 1) primary structure - chain of amino acids, 2) secondary structure - alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, 3) tertiary structure - formed when two or more secondary structures come together, 4) quaternary structure - formed when multiple tertiary proteins join?