DNA Structure
DNA has a unique two-sided, spiraling shape.
What is the name given to this shape?
Double Helix
What is the difference between Genotype and Phenotype?
Genotype is the two letter code and Phenotype is the physical trait
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
The first mRNA codon is referred to as the _____ codon because it tells the ribosome where the protein building instructions begin.
Start
In what part of the cell are proteins manufactured?
Ribosomes
DNA is composed of repeating nucleotides. Name the three components.
Phosphate, Sugar, Base
What are two possible homozygous genotypes for the dimple gene?
DD or dd (homozygous means two of the same!)
Which nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not found in DNA?
Uracil
Three codons are referred to as _____ codons because they tell the ribosome where the protein building instructions will end.
Stop
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
A relatively weak bond that forms between the two nitrogen bases holding the two strands of the DNA molecule together.
Hydrogen Bond
Rr and rr plants cross. What is the probability the offspring will be RR?
0% (Rr, Rr, rr, rr)
What molecule acts as a blueprint for making proteins, carrying genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome?
mRNA
The genetic code is read three nitrogen bases at a time. A group of three nitrogen bases is called a _____
Codon
What would be the amino acid sequence if the mRNA sequence read AUG CCU GUU?
Methionine - Proline - Valine
One phosphate is joined with the next sugar by what type of bond?
Covalent Bond
Free ear lobes are dominant over attached. What is the probability that offspring will have free lobes when two heterozygous parents mate?
75% EE, Ee, Ee (25% ee)
What would be the mRNA sequence if the DNA sequence of a gene is GCA TAT AGT?
CGU AUA UCA
True or False: Multiple codons will code for the same Amino Acid, in case there is some error in the transcription process
True
What possible codons will code for Leucine?
UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG