DNA, Protein Synthesis, and Meiosis Review

DNA Replication

100

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid 

200

DNA holds the codes for building which macromolecule? 

Proteins 

300

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together between the bases?

Hydrogen bonds

400

If a DNA sample contains 30% adenine, what percentage of Guanine does it contain? 

Hint: A=T and C=G (all together adds to 100%)

20% Guanine 

500

Why is DNA replication considered "semi-conservative"?

Each new DNA molecule has one parent strand and one daughter strand 

DNA Replication/Protein Synthesis

100

What is the 1st step to DNA Replication

DNA unzips

200

what is the 2nd step to DNA Replication

enzymes help find complementary bases

300

what is the 3rd step to DNA Replication

two identical DNA molecules are formed

400

According to Charfgaff's base-pairing rules, adenine bonds with _______ and cytosine bonds with _______.

Thymine; Guanine 

500

Which organelle is responsible for assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains?

Ribosome

Protein Synthesis

100

What is the start codon for protein synthesis and what amino acid does it code for? 

UAG 

Amino acid- Met

200

The process of converting mRNA information into a sequence of amino acids is called __________.

Translation 

300

The process of converting DNA into mRNA information is called ________.

Transcription

400

Translate the following mRNA sequence 

UAG CGC ACU UAA 

Met-Arg-Thr-STOP

500

What is the anticodon?

A sequence on tRNA complementary to mRNA codon

Mixed Bag

100

What is the fundamental shape of a DNA molecule?

Double helix 

200

The backbone of a DNA molecule is composed of?

Alternating phosphate groups and sugars 

300

What is the monomer (building block) of DNA?

Nucleiotides

400

A karyotype was analyzed and the female patient was found to have three 21st chromosomes. 

How would you write this in karyotype notation?

47, XX, +21

500

If a skin cell contains 86 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are found in the gametes? 

43

Meiosis

100

Which cells are formed during meiosis?

Four genetically unique haploid gametes 

200

in which phase of meiosis would certain gene segments of the homologous pairs of chromosomes "crossover" and exchange genetic information?

prophase 1

300

One major difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II is what? 

Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes and Meiosis II separates sister chromatids 

400

What is the most important role of Meiosis in sexual reproduction? 

Reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid 

500

What is the ploidy of human sperm or egg cells?

n (Haploid)