DNA Structure
This type of bond holds together the nitrogen bases of DNA
What is hydrogen bonding
Where does transcription occur?
What is in the nucleus
Which organelle is responsible for translation?
What are ribosomes
What is a mutation?
It is a change in genetic coding
Enzymes are a type of this macromolecule
What is protein
What is the purpose of transcription?
What is to create an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence
With this type of mutation the same amino acid is coded for and no 'real' mutation is seen.
What is silent mutation
This is the role of catalytic enzymes
What is lowering the energy of activation
This type of bond holds together DNA's backbone.
What is covalent bond
A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
What is a codon
This is the type of bond that holds together amino acids
What are peptide bonds
What is a mutagen? Provide an example
A mutagen is something that causes a mutation. An example would be radiation, smoking, viruses, chemicals, etc.
Name two factors that affect the efficacy of enzymes
What is pH and temperature
What is one difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded
DNA contains Thymine while RNA contains Uracil
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose sugar
DNA is only found in the nucleus while RNA is mobile.
A strand of DNA reads ATCG. What would be the complimentary strand of RNA read?
What is UAGC
What is mRNA
What is the result of a frameshift mutation?
Frameshift mutations add or delete one nucleotide resulting in the incorrect coding of several amino acids. (domino affect)
What is the meaning of semi-conservative?
One strand of DNA comes from an 'old' parent strand or template while the other is composed of new material.
What is the most common start codon and what amino acid does it always code for?
What is AUG-Methionine
Translation can take place in free ribosomes or bound ribosomes. Name the two places in the cell where these ribosomes exist
What are the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoplasm
Are mutations beneficial or harmful? Explain your answer
Harmful: causes organism to be a target to prey, deters their health, impacts their likelihood to mate.
Aside from acting as a catalyst, what is another function of enzymes?
What is building/breaking down molecules
What is aiding in the 'proofreading' of genetic material