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DNA
DNA Replication
RNA
Protein Synthesis
Mystery
100
what is the monomer of a nucleic acid
nucleotide
100
What is the first step in DNA replication?
What is Unwinding. It's when the two parent DNA strands separate.
100
what is the purpose of RNA
transcribe genetic information from DNA, carries genetic information to the ribosome
100
what is the monomer of a protein
amino acid
100
If the DNA strand is TTAGCC, how many codons is that?
What is 2.
200
what holds base pairs together?
Weak hydrogen bonds
200
What is the second step in DNA replication?
What is Base Pairing. The enzyme adds new nucleotides from the surrounding area to make a new daughter DNA strand for each of the parent DNA strands
200
what are the three differences between RNA and DNA?
U instead of T, one strand instead of two, different sugars
200
How does DNA code for proteins?
Their code is used to create mRNA which is used to create a protein.
200
If the DNA strand is TAGGCT, what is the complementary mRNA strand?
What is AUCCGA
300
These are the two enzymes that are involved with DNA replication.
helicase and DNA polymerase
300
If one of the strands of DNA has the following sequence, what nucleotides would base pair with it? GGCAAT
CCGTTA
300
Name two types of RNA.
mRNA (messenger) and tRNA (transfer)
300
what role do ribosomes play in translation?
binds to the mRNA that is being translated, and to tRNA molecules. brings everything together properly in the right order
300
What happens to a chain of amino acids after is it made during translation?
It folds into the final shape of the protein.
400
During replication, both strands of DNA serve as a template. Where does replication ALWAYS take place? Why?
nucleus; DNA cannot leave the nucleus
400
How often does DNA replication happen in an organism?
ALL THE TIME! Cells are constantly dividing, just at different rates!
400
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA -> RNA -> protein genetic information is stored in the DNA. it must be changed to RNA to be made into a protein
400
Where does translation happen in the cell?
Itt happens in the cytoplasm at a ribosome.
400
Who won the Nobel Prize for discovering the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
500
What makes up the backbone of a DNA molecule?
Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugars
500
Why do cells replicate their DNA?
It happens before cell division and allows for the daughter cells of mitosis to have identical DNA.
500
Describe (or draw) the two main parts of a tRNA molecule.
tRNA has an anti-codon and carries an amino acid
500
The nitrogen base sequence of a mRNA molecule is: AGU GCC AAG What does the sequence on the DNA strand look like?
TCA CGG UUC
500
What could result if there is a mutation in a DNA sequence? (There are three possibilities.)
1. Harmful change (cause disease) 2. Helpful change (make the protein function BETTER) 3. No effect at all