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DNA
Protein Synthesis
Vocab.
Misc. 1
Misc. 2
100
What is the Primary function of DNA in the cell?
store information that tells the cell which proteins to make
100
What is the anticodon of AUG
UAC
100
What is the definition of purine?
bases that have two rings of carbon
100
What are the two stages of Protein Synthesis?
Transcription and Translation In transcription the information coded in the DNA is copied into mRNA, and in translation, the information in the DNA/ mRNA is used to build functional molecules.
100
What are the 2 types of the Endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough and Smooth
200
What do DNA segments called genes contain?
They contain the information for the production of proteins necessary for the growth and function of cells.
200
Adenine forms a complementary pair with ____ in RNA and _____ in DNA. A)uracil, thymine B)thymine, thymine C)thymine, uracil D)uracil, guanine E)uracil, adenine
A) uracil and thymine
200
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
an organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organisms that forms cisternae
200
What happens if there is a faulty gene in a genetic code?
It can lead to mutation and depending and where in the genetic code the mutation occurs it could lead to disorders
200
What do rough ER, smooth ER, and the Golgi apparatus all have in common?
they all have roles in the production of specific types of proteins
300
What is gene expression
when info in the DNA directs the production of the molecules that make up and organism
300
Why were proteins thought to be a good candidate as the molecule of hereditary information?
They came in a variety of shapes and sizes.
300
what is transcription?
The process by which DNA gets copied into RNA
300
What is the cause of genetic mutations?
Environmental Factors such as ultraviolet radiation from the sun or can occur if a mistake is made as DNA copies itself during cell division.
300
DNA replication results in what?
identical (daughter cells) DNA molecules
400
What is RNA necessary for?
Protein synthesis from DNA
400
When messenger RNA is first synthesized it may include long sequences of bases that do not code for amino acids. These noncoding sequences are called ----- and are found in _____ cells. A)exons, prokaryotic B)introns prokaryotic C)exons, eukaryotic D)introns, eukaryotic E)both b and d are correct
D) introns and eukaryotic
400
What is a nitrogen-containing base?
A molecule that contains a N atom
400
What are 3 ways biotechnology impacts human health?
Genetically modified crops to increase sustainable food production. Regenerative medicine to create new organs Improve soil, water, and air
400
True or False? The template strand of DNA for one gene may be the coding strand of DNA for another gene.
True
500
During translation what is the DNA information used for?
To build functional molecules
500
How does DNA differ from RNA
1. RNA has a sugar ribose DNA has a sugar deoxyribose 2. RNA contains uracil (U) DNA has thymine (T) 3. RNA molecule is single-stranded DNA is double-stranded
500
what is a Promoter?
a Specific code on a DNA strand that tells RNA to bond.
500
A DNA strand with the sequence AACGTAACG is transcribed. What is the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized?
UUGCAUUGC
500
Transcription occurs along a ____ template forming an mRNA in the ____ direction. A) 5' to 3'; 5' to 3' B) 5' to 3'; 3' to 5' C) 3' to 5'; 5' to 3' D) 3' to 5'; 3' to 5'
C) 3' to 5'; 5' to 3'