Enzymes
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork.
What is helicase?
DNA replication occurs in this phase of the cell cycle.
What is the S phase?
Short fragments of DNA on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
These two scientists proved DNA replication is semiconservative.
Who are Meselson and Stahl?
Cooling ( 55˚C for 1 min) to allow primers to anneal to the end of single strands of DNA
What is the process of annealing in PCR?
This enzyme adds free nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
What is DNA polymerase III?
Replication is described as this type of process because each new DNA has one strand from the template and one new strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
The point where the two DNA strands are separated during replication.
What is the replication fork?
The isotope used to label "heavy" DNA in the experiment.
What is ¹⁵N (Nitrogen-15)?
Which polymerase is responsible for replacing RNA primers with DNA?
What is DNA polymerase I?
This enzyme creates short RNA primers to start replication.
What is primase?
This strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork.
What is the leading strand?
This strand guides the polymerase by providing the sequence of nucleotides to be copied in DNA replication. It is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
What is the template strand?
After one round of replication in the Meselson-Stahl experiment, what density of DNA was observed?
What is intermediate (hybrid)?
This term describes the strand where replication moves opposite to the fork.
What is the lagging strand?
This enzyme removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA.
What is DNA polymerase I?
This type of strand is synthesized in fragments.
What is the lagging strand?
This term describes the region on a DNA molecule where replication begins, characterized by a specific sequence of nucleotides.
What is the origin of replication?
Meselson and Stahl used this method to separate DNA based on density.
What is centrifugation (or density gradient centrifugation)?
This enzyme is not active in most somatic cells but helps maintain chromosome ends.
What is telomerase?
This enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
What is DNA ligase?
How does polymerase link nucleotides together
By catalysing condensation reactions.
These are the monomeric subunits of DNA, each composed of a nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group, joined via phosphodiester bonds in a polymer chain.
What are nucleotides?
The key conclusion of the Meselson-Stahl experiment.
What is DNA replicates semiconservatively?
The direction of DNA polymerase movement on the template strand.
What is 3' to 5'?