Enzyme
The first step of DNA replication is unzipping. This enzyme unzips the DNA double helix.
What is helicase?
The first step of DNA replication is called this.
What is unzipping?
This strand is built continuously.
What is the leading strand?
The building blocks of DNA are called this.
What are nucleotides?
This enzyme removes RNA primers.
What is exonuclease? Or DNA Polymerase I
In the fourth step of DNA replication (Building and Extending), this enzyme builds the new DNA strand.
What is DNA polymerase?
DNA polymerase can only build in this direction.
What is 5’ to 3’?
This strand is built in fragments.
What is the lagging strand?
A short strand of RNA that starts replication.
What is an RNA primer?
After primers are removed, this enzyme adds DNA nucleotides.
What is DNA polymerase III?
In the third step of DNA replication (Priming), this enzyme lays down RNA primers.
What is primase?
In the stabilizing step, these proteins keep DNA strands from rejoining.
What are single-stranded binding proteins?
Fragments formed on the lagging strand are called this.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The bonds broken during unzipping are called this.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Ligase connects these fragments together.
What are Okazaki fragments?
On the sixth step of DNA replication, this enzyme “glues” DNA fragments together.
What is ligase?
For this reason RNA primers are needed before DNA polymerase could start working.
What is DNA polymerase can only add to existing strands?
The lagging strand is built in pieces because DNA polymerase only works in this direction.
What is 5’ to 3’?
The process of making an identical copy of DNA is called this.
What is DNA replication?
Proofreading helps prevent this.
What are mutations (errors)?
In the second step of DNA replication (Stabilizing), this enzyme relieves twisting ahead of the replication fork.
What is topoisomerase?
This step checks DNA for mistakes.
What is proofreading
For this reason DNA replication is referred as a semi-conservative process.
The original DNA staying inside the original cell and the new DNA strands goes to the new cell.
Another name for the step where fragments are joined together.
What is ligation (gluing)?
At the end of replication, there are this many identical DNA molecules.
What is two?