DNA
This molecule contains the genetic instructions for life
What is DNA?
the DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in this direction only
What is 5' - 3'?
This enzyme "unzips" the 2 strands of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold them together
What is helicase?
The strand that is synthesized continuously in the 5' - 3' direction
What is the leading strand?
Errors in DNA replication that change the DNA sequence are called these
What are mutations?
These are the subunits that make up DNA
What are nucleotides?
DNA replication is described as this because each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand
What is semi-conservative replication?
This enzyme adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during replication
What is DNA polymerase?
The strand that is synthesized in short fragments in the 3' - 5' direction
What is the lagging strand?
This term describes the Y-shaped region where DNA is being copied
What is the replication fork?
DNA is organized into this shape
What is a double helix?
In eukaryotes, DNA replication occurs in this organelle
What is the nucleus?
This enzyme builds short RNA primers needed to start DNA replication
What is primase?
The name of the short fragments that the lagging strand is made of
What are okazaki fragments?
DNA polymerase can't start replication on its own because it requires this molecule first
What is an RNA primer?
These types of bonds join base pairs on DNA
What are hydrogen bonds?
DNA replication occurs during this phase of the cell cycle
What is interphase, or more specifically the S phase?
This enzyme seals gaps between Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
What is DNA ligase?
The original DNA strand that the leading strand is build from is called this
What is the template strand?
The complimentary strand of the following DNA strand sequence: ATACCGTTGGTATCC
What is TATGGCAACCATAGG?
The direction the two strands of DNA run in
Hint: there are two answers!
What is 5' - 3' and 3' - 5'?
DNA replication begins at specific locations of the DNA called these
What are origins of replication?
This enzyme extends the ends of chromosomes by adding repetitive DNA sequences called telomeres
What is telomerase?
The leading strand moves in this same direction relative to the replication fork
What is toward the replication fork?
A DNA molecule is 20% adenine. Based on base-pairing rules, what percentage of the DNA is thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
What is thymine = 20%, cytosine = 30%, and guanine = 30%?