Genetic Contributions -1
Isolated the nuclei from blood cells on hospital pus filled bandages. Extracted an acidic substance containing nitrogen and phosphorus; later named it Nucleic Acid.
Who is Friedrich Miescher?
Proposed that nucleic acids were made of long chains of nucleotides. No evidence but supported the belief that protein was the genetic material.
Who is Phoebus Levene?
Injected S. pneumoniae into mice, two strains:
S-Strain, highly pathogenic, non deadly when heated
R-Strain, non-pathogenic
Who is Frederick Griffith?
Enzymes that unwind the parent DNA and cut the hydrogen bonds
What is Helicase?
Enzyme that removes RNA primer and fills the gaps between Okazaki Fragments
Gap fillers
What is DNA polymerase I?
Discovered that bacteria is transferable from an experiment with mice
Who is Fredrick Griffith?
Who is Linus Pauling?
Isolated two types of Nucleic Acid - RNA and DNA
Also
Correctly described nucleotides as: 1 of 4 nitrogen-containing bases, A sugar molecule, A phosphate group
Who is Phoebes Levene?
Donut shaped enzyme that relives the strain on the parent DNA
What is topoisomerase?
'Gules' the Okazaki fragments together - gluease
What is DNA liGase?
Who is Chargaff?
OR
What is Chargaff's Rule?
Worked with Maurice Wilkins.
Deduced that it was a helix structure, found two regular repeating patterns one at 0.34nm and one at 3.4nm.
Noticed that DNA reacted with water.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
Isolated the nuclei from blood cells on hospital pus filled bandages
Who is Friedrich Miescher?
Protiesnt that stabilize the newly unwind strands of DNA
What are single strand binding proteins?
New strand from parent DNA that is synthesized continuously.
What is the Leading Strand?
Concluded that DNA gives you your traits; many scientists still believed that protein was what gave traits.
Who is Oswald Avery?
Researchers that did no experiments.
Deduced that it was a double helix, known that pyrimidines (C,T) have one ring, and purines (A,G) have two
Used T2 bacteriophage strain because it’s so simple. Protein coat that surrounds a piece of DNA. When infecting a cell, the virus attaches to it, injects its genetic information. Remaining viral structure stays outside as a “ghost”
They introduced radioactive phosphorus into the DNA and radioactive sulfur into the protein.
Who are Hershey and Chase?
Makes RNA primer used to generate Okazaki Fragments
What is primase?
New strand from parent DNA that is synthesized in small chunks
What is Lagging strand?
Used bacteriophage to discover what part of the virus was infecting the cell and settled debate on protein vs. DNA
Who are Hershey and Chase?
Known to be the discoverer of DNA,
Rosalind did not receive credit for her discovery.
Who is Watson and Crick?
Identical bacterial cultures of S-strain bacterium. Disrupted the cell membrane, collected cell contents.
Three enzymes were added:1 destroyed protein,1 destroyed RNA,1 destroyed DNA.
Took each of the treated samples and mixed it with
live R-strain bacteria. Only sample that didn’t transform R-strain to pathogenic S-strain was the one treated with DNA-destroying enzyme.
Who is Oswald Avery?
Enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides
What is DNA Polymerase III
Short DNA fragments that are made during synthesis of lagging strand
What are Okazaki Fragments?