DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Misc.
Misc.
100
Which enzyme adds DNA primers to the template DNA during DNA replication?
What is... DNA primase?
100
What happens during transcription?
What is... The DNA template (the antisense strand) is transcribed/converted into a sequence of RNA called mRNA (messenger RNA)?
100
What happens during translation?
What is... mRNA (messenger RNA) is translated/converted into a chain of amino acids (a polypeptide)?
100
What is a gene?
What is... A sequence of DNA that codes for a gene product like a polypeptide?
100
Where does translation occur in the cell?
What is... In the cytoplasm?
200
Is the arrow pointing to the leading or lagging strand? AND how do you know?
What is the lagging strand? Because there are Okazaki fragments, OR because it is going opposite to the direction of replication.
200
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
What is... unwinds the DNA, and extends the RNA sequence (by adding RNA nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand) ?
200
The codon of mRNA is: GGA
The anticodon on tRNA is: ________
What is.. CCU?
200
Why do cells need to replicate their DNA?
What is... DNA replication must occur for growth or repair of damaged tissues?
200
When does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle?
What is.. during the Synthesis phase of interphase?
300
What is the function of helicase? BE AS SPECIFIC AS POSSIBLE.
What is... unwinding the DNA, and breaking hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases?
300
The template DNA sequence is as follows:
3' - ATAACGGCT - 5'
What is the resulting mRNA sequence? YOU MUST MENTION THE 5' and 3' ENDS!
What is...
5' - UAUUGCCGA - 3' ?
300
The anticodon is: GCU
What is the resulting amino acid?
What is.. Arginine?
300
Which enzyme during DNA replication joins adjacent okazaki fragments together in the lagging strand?
What is.. ligase?
300
The strand of DNA that is not used as a template for transcription is called the ___________ strand.
What is... sense strand?
300
What is the function of DNA polymerase I?
What is.. replacing the RNA primers with DNA nucleotides?
300
During mRNA splicing, the _____________ are spliced out, while the _____________ are joined together.
what is... introns? And what is... exons?
300
The codon is: GAA
What is the resulting amino acid?
What is... Glutamine?
300
Adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide are connected via ___________ __________.
what is... peptide bonds?
300
Adjacent RNA nucleotides in mRNA are linked together via ___________ _________.
what is... covalent bonds?
400
DNA polymerase III can replicate DNA in what direction on the template DNA strand?
What is...
3' to 5' direction on the template DNA strand ?
5' to 3' direction on the growing DNA strand!
400
During mRNA modification: a ____________ and a __________ are added to either ends of the mRNA sequence.
what is...
A 5' cap and a 3' poly A-tail
400
A charged tRNA with a complementary anticodon enters the ribosome through the ______ site.
What is... A site?
400
What happens during the initiation stage of transcription?
What is...
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region upstream (before) a gene.
400
What happens during the termination step of transcription?
What is...
RNA polymerase reaches the terminator region of the gene. The RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA and DNA rewinds. The mRNA and RNA polymerase dissociate.
500
What is the function of:
- DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)
AND
- Single stranded binding (SBB) protein?
What is...
Bind to the DNA near helicase to prevent super coiling of DNA
AND
Stabilizes DNA and keeps the DNA strands separated
500
When does transcription occur in the cell?
What is.. All the time!! Our cells are constantly making proteins for our bodies and cells to function
500
What happens during the termination step of translation?
What is...
1) ribosome reaches stop codon
2) protein called release factor binds to the stop codon in the A site
3) This causes the ribosome, mRNA, and polypeptide to dissociate
500
What happens in the P site of a ribosome during the elongation step of translation?
What is.. The amino acid of the tRNA in the P site, forms a peptide bond with the amino acid of the tRNA in the A site. The tRNA in the P site "loses" its amino acid.
The ribosome moves forward another codon, and the tRNA in the P site is now moved to the E site and can leave.
500
Describe two features of tRNA, that is crucial for protein translation.
What is..
1) amino acid
2) anticodon