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Enzymes
Key Concepts
Nucleic Acids
General Review
100
It is the enzyme that glues together the Okazaki fragments
DNA Ligase
100
What's the model of replication that prevailed?
Semi-conservative replication
100
What is the nitrogenous base that is switched with uracil in the RNA?
Tymine
100
According to the Human Microbiome project, which is the ratio of bacterial cells per human cells.
9:1
200
What is the function of DNA Helicase?
Break the hydrogen bonds within the double helix to separate each strand.
200
What is a replisome?
Set of proteins, enzymes and DNA in the process of replication.
200
Mention the purines and pyrimidines
Purines: Adenine, Guanine Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine
200
Which molecules is in charge of bringing proteins to the ribosome in order to assemble proteins.
transfer RNA or tRNA
300
Which enzyme is used in the synthesis of the lagging strand, either in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes: DNA Pol I or Eukaryotes: DNA Pol alpha
300
Define "Primer" and it's importance.
It is a fragment of RNA that allows DNA polymerase to extend the new complementary stand. Polymerase can only start synthesising from a hydroxyl group, provided by the primer.
300
Explain the three main differences between DNA and RNA.
-Sugar: DNA (Deoxyribose), RNA (Ribose) -Nucleotides: Uracil is changed in the RNA from Thymine in DNA. -Usual form: DNA is usually is double stranded and RNA single stranded. -Location: DNA is in the nucleus, RNA is in the cytoplasm.
300
Which is the name of the special case for the Central Dogma that consist in generating proteins from proteins themselves.
Prions
400
Mention the directions of reading, polymerisation and repair of DNA Polymerase III
Reading: 3' to 5' Polymerasation: 5' to 3' Repair: 3' to 5'
400
The lagging strand and the leading strand, go in which directions when being synthesised?
Lagging strand: 3' to 5' Leading stand: 5' to 3'
400
How is a phosphodiesther bond made (biochemically)? What reacts with what and how the nucleotides are transformed. Hint: It has to do with the phosphate groups.
The 3 prime end of the pentose sugar reacts with an OH of the phosphate group (which is connected to the carbon 5 of the new nitrogenous base) to form this bond. As well, the nucleotides are in form of triphosphates, when this happens energy is released and is converted in a nucleotide monophosphate.
400
Mention the temperature of denaturalisation of DNA and the name of the special polymerase used to do PCR.
94ºC and Taq (Thermus aquaticus) Polymerase