DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis and Mutations

DNA

100

What shape is DNA

Double Helix

200

The 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule include...

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

300

This is the sugar found in DNA

Deoxyribose

400

A nucleotide is made up of what three parts?

sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base

500

This is small subunits that compose molecules of DNA & RNA.

Nucleotide

DNA Replication

100

Where does replication occur in organisms?

Nucleus

200

Adenine pairs with ___________

Guanine pairs with ____________

Thymine

Cytosine

300

When DNA helicase unzips DNA, this forms what structure

Replication Fork

400

Which strand works in the 5-3 direction

Leading Strand

500

These fragments are formed on the lagging strand when DNA is replicated

Okazaki Fragments

Enzymes

100

Enzymes are what type of macromolecule

Protein

200

This enzyme is responsible for laying down short segments of RNA along the DNA template strands

Primase

300

This enzyme is responsible for scanning both new strands of DNA and sealing all the fragments of DNA together

Ligase

400

This enzyme is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides during replication.  It unzips the DNA

Helicase

500

During the formation of new strands of DNA, this enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing strand

DNA Polymerase

Protein Synthesis

100

Ribosomes read the mRNA strand _____ codon at a time. Each codon is made of ______ nitrogen bases.

1

3

200

The sequence of bases on mRNA that indicates the beginning of the protein building instructions?

Start Codon

300

A ribosome will continue to create a protein until it encounters a ____.

Stop Codon

400

The two steps of Protein Synthesis are?

Transcription and Translation

500

During Transcription DNA convert to _____________

During Translation, RNA converts to ____________

RNA

Protein

Protein Synthesis and RNA

100

mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to this organelle

Ribosome

200

This changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Mutation

300

The long chain of amino acids is called a ______________.

Protein

400

The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome

mRNA

500

List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule.

DNA is double stranded; RNA is single

N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G

DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar

DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus