DNA vs. RNA
This nucleic acid contains the sugar deoxyribose
DNA
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication
Helicase
This type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation
tRNA
This type of mutation changes a single nucleotide in DNA
Point mutation
This molecule guides Cas9 to the correct DNA sequence during CRISPR gene editing
Guide RNA (gRNA)
What is the name of the nucleotide that binds with Adenine in RNA?
Uracil
These are the short DNA fragments formed on the lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
A DNA strand reads as ATTCCGAATTC what would the mRNA strand be?
UAAGGCUUAAG
This mutation changes one amino acid in a protein sequence.
This type of mutation occurs when a gene is intentionally disabled so it no longer functions.
Gene knockout
Name the structure of both DNA and RNA
DNA - double stranded
RNA - single stranded
This enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to a growing DNA strand
DNA polymerase
This sequence of three bases on mRNA codes for one amino acid
Codon
This mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or removed, shifting the reading frame of the genetic code
Frameshift mutation
Cas9 functions as this type of biological molecule
enzyme
Name 2 other differences between DNA and RNA that were not mentioned in this category already :)
DNA is stuck in nucleus, RNA can move in/out of nucleus
DNA holds instructions for proteins, RNA carries instructions to ribosome
DNA double stranded, RNA single stranded
This strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork
leading strand
Give the main differences between transcription and translation
Transcription: DNA -> RNA, happens in nucleus
Translation: RNA -> polypeptide (amino acids), happens in ribosome
This type of mutation introduces a premature stop codon into the DNA sequence
Nonsense mutation
Name 2 ethical concerns about using gene editing technologies
Increase inequality (who has access?)
Designer babies
Genetic Diversity
Affecting future generations
The sugar found in RNA differs from deoxyribose because it has this additional atom group on the 2nd carbon.
Hydroxyl (-OH) group
The enzyme Primase is responsible for synthesizing these during replication
RNA primers
What are the 3 binding sites on the ribosome called?
A,P,E sites
This type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence because of the redundancy of the genetic code
Silent Mutation
CRISPR was originally discovered as part of this type of organism’s immune defense system
bacteria