DNA Replication Basics
This strand is synthesized continuously during replication.
What is the leading strand?
This enzyme adds nucleotides to a DNA strand using a template.
What is DNA polymerase?
This repair system corrects mismatches right after replication.
What is mismatch repair?
This enzyme adds repeats to the ends of chromosomes to prevent shortening.
What is telomerase?
This protein mediates homologous recombination in bacteria.
What is RecA?
This enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers to initiate DNA replication.
What is primase?
This enzyme removes incorrectly paired nucleotides during proofreading.
What is an exonuclease?
This repair pathway excises single damaged bases like deaminated cytosine.
What is base-excision repair?
This complex initiates replication at eukaryotic origins.
What is the origin of replication complex (ORC)?
This four-stranded intermediate forms during genetic recombination.
What is a Holliday junction?
These short DNA fragments are formed on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This enzyme alters supercoiling by breaking and rejoining DNA strands.
What is topoisomerase?
This repair pathway removes bulky DNA lesions like thymine dimers.
What is nucleotide-excision repair?
This repetitive structure protects chromosome ends.
What is a telomere?
These enzymes catalyze recombination events between DNA molecules.
What are recombinases?
This protein unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork.
What is helicase?
This model describes lagging strand looping to allow coordinated synthesis.
What is the trombone model?
This pathway rejoins double-stranded breaks without a template.
What is nonhomologous end joining?
This sequence marks the starting point of DNA replication.
What is the origin of replication?
The number of times DNA strands wrap around each other in closed DNA.
What is the linking number?
This enzyme joins fragments of DNA by forming phosphodiester bonds.
What is DNA ligase?
This protein ring increases DNA polymerase processivity.
What is the sliding DNA clamp?
This test screens chemicals for mutagenic potential using bacteria.
What is the Ames test?
This sequence of cellular events governs DNA replication and cell division.
What is the cell cycle?
These describe the helical turns and supercoils in DNA topology.
What are twist and writhe?