DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation

DNA Replication

100

This enzyme unzips DNA during DNA replication

Helicase

200

When interpreting a gel, the _______ bands travel the farthest

least heavy

300

DNA replication is considered _________ because on a new molecule of DNA, one strand is made up of nucleotides from the first molecule and the second strand has new nucleotides

semiconservative

400

This technique is used to generate amplify or make copies of a specific sequence of DNA

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

500

Name an application of PCR

Paternity testing

Genetic profiling

Genotyping

Transcription

100

This enzyme is used in transcription

RNA polymerase

200

Transcription converts DNA into _________

RNA

300

This strand of DNA is read by RNA polymerase to build the new mRNA molecule

template strand 

400

This strand of DNA has the same sequence as the new mRNA (except that Uracil replaces Thymine)

coding strand

500

The location that transcription takes place in a cell 

The nucleus

Translation

100

This type of RNA carries amino acids

tRNA

200

A 3 base pair sequence found on tRNA molecules that is complementary to mRNA

anticodon

300

This type of RNA carries genetic information out of the nucleus so protein can be made

mRNA

400

The amino acid is located _______  the anticodon on a tRNA molecule

opposite

500

This is the start codon for translation

AUG 

SL + HL Mixed

100

Name an enzyme used in DNA replication

Helicase

DNA polymerase

200

This type of DNA polymerase is used in PCR because it can withstand high temperatures

Taq polymerase

300

Name one difference between DNA and RNA

Thymine vs. Uracil 

Deoxyribose vs. Ribose

Double stranded vs. Single stranded

400

Name one similarity between DNA and RNA

Sugar phosphate backbone 

A, C, G nitrogenous bases

500

Gel electrophoresis works because DNA is ________ charged 

negatively

HL Only Mixed

100

Okazaki fragments form on the ______ strand during DNA replication

lagging

200

What is alternative splicing?

When different patterns of introns are removed after transcription, generating different mature mRNA molecules. These mRNA molecules will generate different polypeptide chains during translation. 

300

What is the directionality of DNA polymerase during DNA replication? 

The template strand is read 3'-5' and the new DNA molecule is constructed 5'-3'

400

What is a reason that a protein would get degraded by the proteasome? 

It is misfolded 

It is no longer needed by the cell 

500

Name a post-transcriotional modification 

5' capping 

3' polyA tail 

alternative splicing