DNA Replication Models
Describe the role of helicase in DNA replication.
Helicase unwinds the double helix of DNA, separating the two strands.
What are the building blocks of DNA called?
What are Nucleotides?
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence that can affect gene function.
What are the three-nucleotide sequences on mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids?
What are Codons?
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
What is oxygen & glucose?
Name one enzyme involved in the DNA replication process and describe its function.
DNA polymerase; it adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
What would be a logical reason for the S-phase prefacing the M-phase in the Cell Cycle?
What is DNA must be copied in order for cell division to happen?
What type of mutation involves the deletion or insertion of a nucleotide?
What is a Frameshift Mutation?
What structure facilitates the translation of mRNA into protein?
What is a Ribosome?
What are the products of cellular respiration?
What is carbon dioxide, water and ATP?
What is the significance of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand, which are later joined by DNA ligase.
Explain how the leading and lagging strands differ in DNA replication.
The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments opposite to the fork direction.
What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?
A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, while a frameshift mutation results from the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, altering the reading frame.
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
What is to bring amino acids to the ribosome?
What type organelle is necessary to perform cellular respiration?
What is mitochondria?
During what phase of the Cell Cycle does DNA replication occur?
What is the S-phase?
What is the name of the model that describes DNA replication as a process where each strand serves as a template for the new strand?
Semi-conservative model.
How can environmental factors influence gene expression?
Environmental factors like temperature, chemicals, and light can affect how genes are turned on or off, impacting traits.
What are 3 final steps of making a protein.
Ribosome reaches a "stop" codon AUG on the mRNA.
Polypeptide chain is released from ribosome.
Polypeptide chain folds into the required shape making specific proteins.
Which types of organisms perform cellular respiration, autotrophs or heterotrophs?
What is BOTH autotrophs and heterotrophs perform cellular respiration?
What type of mutation does not affect the protein produced?
What is a Silent Mutation?
Explain how the equations of photosynthesis & cellular respiration relate to each other making them an energy cycle? (Talk about the molecules in the equations)
The products of photosynthesis reactions are the molecules used to initiate cellular respiration & the products of cellular respiration are the molecules used to initiate photosynthesis in autotrophic organisms.