DNA Structure
How can you tell if a nucleotide is DNA or RNA?
-OH or -H on 2nd carbon; prescence of U instead of T
What enzyme splits the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs?
Helicase
Where does transcription take place in eukaryotes?
Nucleus
The bond formed by a ribosome that connects the growing chain of amino acids is called...
Peptide bond
A particular DNA sample consists of 40% thymine. How much cytosine is in this sample?
10%
What enzyme adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing strand (it polymerizes DNA!)
DNA polymerase
Where does transcription take place in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm (nucleoid region)
Sequences of mRNA that interrupt genes and must be cut out before translation are called...
Introns
DNA can be wrapped around histone proteins to form a compact fiber called _______, which will further condense into a chromosome
Chromatin
The strand that extends towards the helicase is the...
Leading strand
What enzyme places RNA nucleotides complementary to the DNA strand it is reading (it polymerizes RNA!)
RNA polymerase
Where does BOTH transcription and translation take place in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
This DNA segment is 5' AGGTTACTA 3'. What is the complementary strand?
3' TCCAATGAT 5'
Which DNA strand utilizes multiple RNA primers and creates Okazaki fragments?
Lagging strand
This DNA segment is 5' AGGTTACTA 3'. What is the mRNA strand?
3' UCCAAUGAU 5'
A 5' cap and poly-A tail is added mRNA before translation occurs. This helps protect the mRNA and facilitate binding to a ribosome. This is an example of ____________ regulation
(epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational)
Post-transcriptional
Methylating a histone protein can tighten chromatin, blocking transcription and silencing the genes. This is an example of _____________ regulation
(epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational)
Epigenetic
This type of mutation, a single nucleotide is inserted or deleted upstream of a gene causing a major shift of the whole codon seqeunce
Frameshift mutation
This eukaryotic process occurs before translation to process the mRNA by cutting out introns, alternative splicing, and adding a 5' cap and poly-A tail
mRNA processing
This nucleic acid carries an amino acid to a ribosome AND is complementary to the mRNA codon
tRNA