DNA Intro
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
What base pairs with Adenine (A)?
Thymine (T)
Why would a cell need to replicate its DNA?
Repair, grow, create new cells.
List the phases of mitosis in order.
(Interphase)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(Cytokinesis)
Why did most scientists think that a DNA molecule would have its bases facing outward rather than inward?
The bases have all of the important information on them, so putting them in the center would hide them.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is a chromosome?
A large mass of DNA (coiled around proteins) that is visible during cell replication.
What does the enzyme helicase do during DNA replication?
It cuts (unzips/unwinds) the DNA molecule in half.
It separates the base pairs and unwinds the helix shape.
During which phase will the nucleus reappear during mitosis?
Telophase
Draw a cell in prophase.
Single cell, DNA has condensed to chromosomes but are not yet lined up along the equator.
What are Watson and Crick known for?
Discovering the double helix structure of DNA
How many base pairs are in one human DNA strand?
About 3 Billion
What does the enzyme DNA polymerase do during cellular replication?
It attaches the new matching bases to the leading strand of the original DNA.
Draw a cell in metaphase
Paired/sister chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell. (Spindle fibers can be attached at far ends)
What do we call the small chunks of nitrogenous bases that are added piece by piece to the lagging strand during DNA replication?
Who was the third scientist who aided in Watson and Crick's discovery?
Rosalind Franklin
Many nucleotides in a specific order make up a ___________.
Gene
What are the two strands called during DNA replication?
*One is fast and the other is slow*
Leading and lagging strands
What phase does a cell spend a majority of its time in?
Interphase
What are the three key differences between DNA and RNA
RNA replaces Thymine with Uracil, RNA is single stranded, RNA has a different sugar base (ribose)
What does complementary mean?
Goes together with or pairs up with
Works well together
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, (deoxyribose) sugar, and nitrogen base
What is meant by the term "semi-conservative" in terms of DNA replication?
In each new DNA strand, one half is from the original.
Part of the original is kept the same by the replication process
What do each of the roots of cytokinesis mean?
Cyto -
Kinesis -
Cyto = cell
Kinesis = movement
How long did the human genome project take to map a single strand of DNA?
13 years
(11-15 acceptable)