DNA
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does RNA stand for
Ribonucleic Acid
What is protein synthesis?
Write the correct bases for the unlabeled strand. Work your way from the top to the bottom
G-T-G-A-C-C
What is a nucleotide?
The fundamental building block for DNA and RNA
A weak hydrogen bond
What are the 3 types of RNA?
(Bonus points if you spell out the full name for each)
1) mRNA (messenger RNA)
2) tRNA (transfer RNA)
3) rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
The instructions for making a protein are carried from the nucleus of a cell to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by
messenger RNA (mRNA)
The entire structure enclosed within the dotted line represent a
Nucleotide
What is the scientific name for a DNA structure?
A double helix
Name all four of the nitrogenous bases and what each one pairs with.
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
A-T and C-G
Which nitrogenous base is normally present in RNA molecules but NOT in DNA molecules?
Uracil
*This is what makes our protein!
An Amino Acid
Name all 3 components that make up DNA-
Label them correctly
A- Deoxyribose (Sugar)
B- Phosphate
C- Nitrogenous bases
Which scientist developed the molecular model represented below?
Watson and Crick
Which event takes place first during DNA replication?
Bonus point: name the enzyme that helps this first step
The DNA molecule uncoils (straightens out) then "unzips" along the weak hydrogen bonds.
Bonus: Helicase
In a cell, the transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA occurs in the
Nucleus
What is codon?
3 consecutive bases that code for an amino acid (building blocks for protein).
Create a matching (complementary) mRNA sequence for the following strand:
U-A-G-C-G-A-U-U-G-C
How do you spell Ms. B's last name?
Baudille
1) uncoil/ unzip DNA (Enzyme breaks H-bond)
2) Enzyme brings complementary bases
3) Insert nitrogenous bases (Polymerase Enzyme helps with this)
4) Now have 2 identical DNA molecules
Where does the mRNA leave the nucleus to go to?
The ribosomes
What are the two main stages in protein synthesis called? What happens during both stages?
1) Transcription- copying of genetic information from DNA to mRNA
2) Translation- decoding of mRNA into a protein
Label the diagram
1)DNA 2)mRNA 3)codon 4)tRNA
5)anticodons 6)Amino acid 7)Ribosome
8)Protein
How does the cell know what to become?For instance, how does a brain cell know to become a brain cell.
The cell can turn off certain genes and keep the genes they need in order to do their job.