Structure
Hydrogen bonds
What holds the 2 sides of the ladder together?
Provided evidence that genetic material from one bacterial strain can be transferred to that of another strain.
What conclusion was formed from Fred Griffith's experiments with two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Methionine
What is the first amino acid of a new polypeptide chain?
Semi-conservative
What is DNA replication? (process)
Carry protein-assembly instructions from the nucleus to cytoplasm
What is the function of messenger RNA?
Sugar and Phosphate molecules
What molecules make up the backbone of DNA?
Constructed an accurate model of the DNA molecule illustrating its structural complexity
What did James Watson and Francis Crick do?
AUG
What is the genetic start codon?
Break hydrogen bonds and unwind the two strands of the DNA molecule prior to replication
What is the function of the helicase enzyme?
Uracil (the significance vs. DNA)
What is the nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA?
Nucleotides
What are the building blocks nucleic acids?
X-Ray diffraction
What Rosalind Franklin used to determine many of the physical characteristics of DNA?
UGA
What is the genetic stop codon?
An enzyme, adds new nucleotides to a strand, and may only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a strand
What is DNA polymerase?
The synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template strand
What is transcription?
Double-Ringed Purines
What are adenine and guanine?
The scientist who discovered the basis for the base-pair rule.
What did Chargaff do (adenine&thymine) (guanine&cytosine)?
Adenine matches with Thymine and Cytosine matches with Guanine.
What nucleotides match in a molecule of DNA?
Short sequences of DNA nucleotides which are synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the lagging strand during DNA replication
What are Okazaki Fragments?
Carries amino acids to ribosomes, where amino acids are linked into the primary structure of a polypeptide
What is function of transfer RNA?
Double Helix
What is DNA?
Rosalind Franklin showed that the distance between the 2 strands of DNA is the same throughout the length of the molecule.
How did this info help Crick and Watson develop their model?
Group of 3 nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA molecule.
What is a codon?
The leading and lagging strands (importance)
What are the two strands of DNA?
Single stranded model
What is the structure of RNA?