DNA and RNA Composition
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What is the shape of DNA called?
Clue: It looks like a twisted ladder.
Double helix.
What is the main role of DNA in the cell?
To store genetic information.
During which phase of interphase does DNA replication happen?
S phase. (Synthesize)
Daily Double: What is transcription?
The process of copying DNA into mRNA.
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose.
Daily Double: How many strands does DNA have?
Two strands.
What is the main role of RNA?
To help in protein synthesis.
Which enzyme “unzips” the DNA molecule?
Clue: It starts with “Heli–”.
Helicase.
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
Clue: It happens where DNA is located.
In the nucleus.
What sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose
How many strands does RNA have?
One strand.
Which type of RNA carries the message from DNA to the ribosome?
Messenger RNA.
Which enzyme builds the new DNA strand?
DNA polymerase
What is translation?
Clue: mRNA is used to make a ___.
The process of making a protein from mRNA.
Which base is found in RNA instead of thymine?
200 pts for Letter
400 pts for Word
Uracil.
What type of weak bond joins the bases in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds.
Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA.
What do we call the type of replication where each new DNA has one old strand and one new strand?
Clue: It starts with “semi–”.
Semi-conservative replication.
Where does translation take place?
At the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Name the four bases in DNA.
Spell G to deduct 100 pts from a team.
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
Complete the base pairing rule in DNA:
A pairs with ___, and C pairs with ___.
Thymine, guanine.
Which type of RNA forms part of the ribosome?
Ribosomal RNA.
Why is DNA replication important before cell division?
Clue: Think about genetic information in daughter cells.
So each new cell receives an identical copy of the DNA.
What is a codon?
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for one amino acid.