Structures
this nucleic acid is single stranded
RNA
What is the complement to this template DNA sequence: A T T C G A
complement: T A A G C T
(template: A T T C G A)
Where does this process occur and what are the main molecules involved? (what gets transcribed into what)
nucleus
DNA > RNA
Where does this process occur and what are the main molecules involved? (what gets translated into what)
ribosome(/cytoplasm)
RNA > protein
any change in a DNA sequence
mutation
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotides
this process is considered _________________ because one DNA molecule turns into two; each with a new strand and an original strand
semi-conservative
the type of RNA that is made from the DNA template
(full word for the first letter)
mRNA: messenger RNA
Which type of RNA carries the amino acid?
(full word for first letter)
tRNA - transfer
a mutation where one base gets changed
point/substitution
what is the monomer of DNA made up of?
phosphate, sugar, base
the enzyme helicase breaks these bonds between the nitrogen bases
hydrogen
Transcribe this strand of DNA
template DNA: G T A C
(mRNA) C A U G
what type of chain is built in translation?
peptide/protein
this type of mutation is the result of an insertion or a deletion of a base
frameshift
the DNA strands run in opposite directions, what is the term for this?
antiparallel
According to the complementary base pair rule, if a molecule of DNA is made up of 20% Cytosine, how much of the strand is Adenine?
30% Adenine
______________________
20% C = 20% G
40% C+G so 60% A+T
30% A = 30% T
the mRNA strand synthesized during transcription is considered to be ___________________ to the template DNA strand
complementary
Translate the following mRNA codon into the correct amino acid: AUG
what is this codon known as?
a mutation that results in an early stop codon and a shortened protein
nonsense
this type of RNA has a weird structure (called hair-pin loops) because its single stranded portions can bind together
tRNA
4 ways the structure of DNA allows it to perfectly replicate each time
(1) each strand serves as a template [ for synthesizing a complementary strand]
(2) semi-conservative replication
(3) complementary base pairs [A+T & G+C]
(4) has direction [antiparallel]
after transcription is complete, _________ must occur, removing the ____ and connecting the _____ before the new mRNA can leave the nucleus (in eukaryotes)
splicing
(removing) introns
(connecting) exons
What is the 3 letter sequence on a tRNA called?
What are the 3 letter triplets we read mRNA in called?
Which codes for the amino acid?
anticodon
codon
codon
a mutation that most commonly occurs in the 3rd base of a codon
silent