DNA
What are the parts of a DNA nucleotide?
What are the phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogenous base?
How do you know you are looking at a RNA strand?
What are U's on the strand?
Translation is the process of using ____ to make ____ in the ______
What is the (m)RNA, proteins, and ribosome?
These are the building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
The 4 nitrogen bases of DNA and the Chargaff's rule?
What are Adenine with Thymine, and Cytosine with Guanine?
The sequence of nucleotide bases on mRNA that would complement the following bases on DNA: A T T C G C A G T
What is U A A G C G U C A
What are mRNA and Proteins?
What type of mutation causes the mRNA to experience a mutation, but it doesn't change/affect the protein made
What is a silent mutation?
T A C C A G T T G C A G T T C G T C A T G
How many nitrogenous bases are present?
How many codons will be transcribed?
How many amino acids will be translated?
How many proteins will be made
21 nitrogenous bases
7 codons
7 amino acids
1 protein
How are DNA replication and transcription different?
What is DNA replication makes DNA while transcription makes mRNA?
The full names for the three different types of RNA
What are messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA?
Anticodons and amino acids are found on this molecule.
What is transfer RNA?
What type of mutation is represented below?
Original mRNA: A U G U U U U A C C A A U G A
Protein: Start - Phe - Tyr - Gln - Stop
Mutant mRNA: A U G U U U U A G C A A U G A
Protein: Start - Phe - Stop
What is a nonsense mutation: a point mutation what caused a premature stop to appear.
These special types of proteins help to unzip DNA and match up complementary nucleotide bases during DNA replication and protein synthesis.
What are enzymes?
The idea in which a new DNA strand contains an original helix from the parent DNA strand (see picture)
What is semiconservative replication?
What are the jobs of each type of RNA?
tRNA: carries amino acids to the ribosome to match to the mRNA
rRNA: builds the ribosome
The Start amino acid has what DNA sequence and what codon?
What is TAC and AUG?
How are duplication and insertion similar and different?
They both involve adding in nitrogenous bases
They are different because duplication adds a WHOLE codon while insertion adds
What does the A, P, and E site stand for in the ribosome?
A: Arrival (of the tRNA)
P: Protein production (where the tRNA adds its amino acid of the amino acid chain [known as a polypeptide])
E: Exit (site of the empty tRNA)
The reason why DNA replication happens.
What is to pass on genetic information to other cells during cell division?
Why do we use codons to determine amino acids instead of anti-codons, or DNA?
We can't use DNA because determining amino acids take place in the ribosome, and DNA can only be in the nucleus.
We can't use tRNA, because they are not instructions from the nucleus as to how to build the protein, they are just amino acid carriers.
mRNA is the final product that leaves the nucleus. Does it contain introns or exons of the original DNA strand?
What are exons?
The original strand of DNA is ACT TTG CGA The mutated strand of DNA is ACT TTC GA This is a _______________ mutation that causes a _________ of amino acids.
What is a deletion? What is a frameshift?
How do different proteins, look different and do different jobs?
What are different amino acids, due to the different DNA sequences?