DNA
The sugar that is part of DNA
What is deoxyribose?
The sugar that is found in RNA
What is Ribose?
Groups of three bases on a mRNA molecule that represent a specific amino acid
What is a codon?
A point mutation that does not change the sequence of amino acids and does not cause disease.
What is a silent mutation?
These are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins.
What are amino acids?
The 4 nitrogen bases of DNA
What are A, T, G, and C?
The sequence of nucleotide bases on mRNA that would complement these bases on DNA:
DNA: A T T C G C A G T
mRNA: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
What is U A A G C G U C A
DNA is copied into a strand of RNA during this step of protein synthesis.
What is Transcription?
The type of mutation that occurs when one base is replaced by another.
What is a substitution?
This is the type of mutation changes the amino acid to a premature "STOP"
What is a NONSENSE mutation?
Two things (processes) that happen in the nucleus involving DNA
What are DNA Replication and Transcription?
The two of the different types of RNA
What are mRNA and tRNA?
Anticodons and amino acids are found on this molecule.
What is transfer RNA?
A mutation that results in a change in the entire amino acid sequence after the mutation and a non-functional protein.
What is a frameshift mutation?
These special types of proteins help to unzip DNA and match up complementary nucleotide bases during DNA replication and protein synthesis.
What are enzymes? Can you name them?
The three parts of the DNA nucleotide (building block)
What are (deoxyribose) sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base?
The names of the 4 nitrogen bases of RNA.
What are A, C, G, and U?
Translation of RNA to protein happens in this organelle ____________
What is the Ribosome?
The two types of frameshift mutations that cause a change in the reading of codons and alter the remaining sequence of amino acids.
What are insertion and deletion?
A mutation results in the production of an altered enzyme leading to this condition where people or animals lack pigments in their skin, hair, and eyes.
What is Albinism?
The reason why DNA replication happens.
What is to pass on genetic information to "daughter" cells (new cells) formed during cell division?
Two differences between the STRUCTURE of RNA and DNA.
What is DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded? What is RNA has Ribose and DNA has Deoxyribose? What is RNA has the base Uracil and DNA has the base Thymine?
This is the amino acid for the codon: CAA
What is Glutamine (Gln)?
The original strand of DNA is ACT TTG CGA The mutated strand of DNA is ACT TTC CGA.
This is a _______________ mutation that changes a single amino acid, aka a ____________ mutation
What is a Substitution? and What is a MISSENSE?
The name of the two scientists credited with discovering the structure of the DNA molecule
Who are Watson and Crick?