DNA
The sugar that is part of DNA
What is deoxyribose?
What letter does RNA make instead of T?
What is U? OR What is uracil?
Translation of RNA to protein happens here
What is a Ribosome?
All mutations are this, but only some turn into this.
all are genotypic but only some turn into a phenotypic mutation
These are the building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
The letters that represent 4 nitrogen bases of DNA
What are A- Adenine, T-Thymine, G - Guanine, and C- cytosine?
The sequence of nucleotide bases on mRNA that would complement the following bases on DNA: A T T C G C A G T
What is U A A G C G U C A
DNA is copied into a strand of RNA during this step of protein synthesis.
What is Transcription?
The type of mutation that occurs when one base is replaced by another.
What is a substitution?
This allows DNA segments to be separated by lengths, shorter segments move farther in this.
Gel Electrophoresis
This is in charge of unzipping the DNA to make a copy
What is the enzyme: Helicase
What is the path that mRNA takes to help in creating a protein?
Leaves the nucleus and finds a ribosome to bind to
Anticodons and amino acids are found on this molecule.
What is transfer RNA?
Mutations can occur _________ or be caused by external factors like radiation or chemicals
What is mutations can occur randomly or be caused by external factors like radiation or chemicals
PCR is meant to make this
Millions of copies of a DNA segment
A pairs with _________ and C pairs with _______ in DNA.
What are A pairs with T- for Thymine and C pairs with G - guanine in DNA.
transcription and translation
Groups of three bases on a mRNA molecule
What is a codon?
The type of mutation that happens when a base is deleted.
What is a deletion? Frameshift
This attaches to the same spot on each DNA molecule in order to make copies of it
primer
Interphase- S phase is when the DNA does this
Replicate
What is the codon and amino acid that starts translation?
AUG - Met (Methionine)
The protein must maintain its proper __________ to maintain its function.
What is structure? aka sequence
The original strand of DNA is ACT TTG CGA The mutated strand of DNA is ACT TTC CTGA This is a _______________ mutation that causes a frameshift of amino acids.
What is a insertion?
Mice, fruit flies, mosquito larva and even plants have DNA from different individuals to be used in research. These organisms are known as
transgenic organisms