DNA
The letters "DNA" stand for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Watson and Crick
In RNA, adenine always pairs with the nitrogen base
uracil
a group of 3 nitrogen bases form
codon
Which nitrogen bases always pair with one another?
A=T
G=C
DNA is composed of smaller subunits known as
Nucleotides
DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as
Double helix
There are 3 kinds of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
transcription continues until RNA polymerase reaches the end of the gene, a sequence of nucleotides known as
terminator sequence
the type of sugar found in DNA
the type of sugar found in RNA
deoxyribose
ribose
The 3 parts of a nucleotide
sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base
the 2 molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule arae
sugar and phosphate
3 ways that DNA is different from RNA
Single stranded
thymine instead of uracil
DNA staying inside the cell while RNA leaves the cell
the process of making a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA
transcription
What is the primary function of DNA?
Store directions to make proteins, and store and transfer genetic information
The 4 nitrogen bases that are found in DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
the nitrogen bases are held together in the center of the molecule by
hydrogen bonds
the primary enzymes that synthesize RNA copies from DNA
RNA polymerase
this occurs in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
translation
Why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself?
so it can be passed on to the new cells, so that they can have the same DNA as the old cells
Two of the nitrogen bases are single ring structures known as what?
what are the 2 bases?
Pyrimidines
Cytosine and Thymine
Double ring structures known as what?
The two bases are?
Purines
Adenine and Guanine
proteins are made in the cytoplasm by cellular structures called
ribosomes
What happens during mRNA?
What happens during tRNA?
What happens during rRNA?
carries the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
reads the messages and binds to the specific codon to make the protein
the most abundant form of RNA and makes up ribosomes
If the sequence on the right hand side of the DNA molecule was TAGGCTCA, the complementary side would have a sequence of
ATCCGAGT