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Structure of DNA & RNA
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Bonds
100
The "central dogma" of DNA consists of two points:
1. Stores info about sequence of bases in RNA 2. Must make copies of self via self-replication; have capacity for change via mutation.
100
What is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA and breaks the hydrogen bonds?
What is helicase?
100
A protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, to help mediate the binding of RNA polymerase.
What is a transcription factor?
100
Occurs in the:
What is the cytoplasm/ribosome?
100
What and where are the two types of bonds in DNA?
What are hydrogen and phosphodiester bonds?
200
What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?
What is the lack of an oxygen molecule in deoxyribose?
200
_____ adds short sequences of RNA to both strands.
What is RNA primase?
200
Attaches to promoter region to begin transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
200
Three details pertinent to the early stages of translation include:
1. Start codon: AUG 2. tRNA carries an amino acid (MET) 3. tRNA binds to P site of the small subunit of ribosome
200
The difference between thymine and uracil is:
What is a methyl group versus a H+ on the 2nd carbon?
300
Which bases are purines/pyrimidines and how many hydrogen bonds occur between the two base-pair combo's?
What is adenine/guanine and cytosine/thymine? A-T have 2 H+ bonds, C-G have 3 H+ bonds.
300
DNA polymerase creates a template strand in a ____ direction.
What is 3' --> 5' ?
300
RNA nucleotides are polymerized from ____ to make mRNA.
What are nucleotide triphosphates?
300
The second tRNA with the next matching anticodon binds to the A site; the amino acids produced form a:
What is a peptide bond?
300
Dehydration synthesis often results in the formation of an:
What is an ester bond?
400
At which end is the hydroxyl group attached to the deoxyribose?
What is the 3' end?
400
The term for the strand replicated in the same direction as the replication fork is:
What is the lagging strand?
400
Transcription stops when the RNA polymerase reaches the:
What is the terminator?
400
First tRNA goes to the ___ site to be released
What is the E site?
400
Modifies proteins by adding sugar.
What is glycosylation?
500
Consist of DNA, wrapped around 8 histone proteins and held together by another histone protein.
What is a nucleosome?
500
The difference between DNA Polymerase III and I is:
What is the addition of nucleotides versus removing RNA primers & replacing them with DNA?
500
After transcription is finished, the mRNA travels here.
What is a nuclear pore --> ribosome.
500
Groups of ribosomes that translate a single mRNA simultaneously are called:
What is a polysome(s)?
500
Draw an amino acid.
What is a proper amino acid structure? [See drawing]