DNA
DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for
Ribonucleic Acid
The process of protein synthesis is to make
Proteins
Segment name of DNA
nucleotide
codons
What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
How is RNA different from DNA? 3 things
RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
What is the process of making proteins from RNA called?
Translation
What three components make up a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a nitrogen base
What is the start codon for protein synthesis, and which amino acid does it code for?
AUG; it codes for Methionine (Met
What type of bond holds the nitrogen bases together?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the two types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Where does translation take place?
At the ribosome in the cytoplasm
What type of sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?
Deoxyribose
What would be the complementary DNA strand for this sequence: TACGCGTATACC
ATGCGCATATGG
Where in the cell does DNA replication occur?
In the nucleus
What is the process of copying DNA into mRNA called?
Transcription
What happens when a ribosome reaches a stop codon?
The translation process stops, and the protein is released
How do nitrogen bases pair in DNA?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
use codon wheel to solve UUU
Phe
Describe the steps of DNA replication.
1) The DNA strands separate,
2) Free-floating nucleotides pair with their complementary bases,
3) Two identical molecules of DNA are formed.
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
mRNA carries the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
Explain the entire process of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation
Transcription occurs in the nucleus where DNA is copied into mRNA. The mRNA travels to the ribosome, where translation occurs. tRNA brings amino acids that match the codons in mRNA, linking them to form a protein.
How do nitrogen bases pair in RNA?
Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
How does the sequence of amino acids in a protein determine its function?
The sequence of amino acids determines the protein’s shape, and the shape determines its function. If the sequence changes, the protein may not function properly.