Structure and Function of DNA
The molecules that make up the backbone of DNA.
What are sugar and phosphate?
The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
What is epigenetics?
A single stranded piece of a DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching sequence on its RNA transcript?
UGACUC
The building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
A change to an organism's DNA/genome.
What is a mutation?
The building blocks of DNA.
What are nucleotides?
Name two examples of things that can alter your epigenome.
What are diet, exercise, drugs, alcohol, chemicals, toxins, stress, etc?
The final product of transcription.
What is mRNA?
The cell organelle that makes a protein.
What is a ribosome?
Type of mutation that occurs when bases are inserted or deleted, causing ALL the codons from the point of mutation forward to change.
What is a frameshift mutation?
A sequence of DNA that contains the instructions for a specific protein.
What is a gene?
The reason that identical twins look exactly alike at birth.
What is they have the same DNA?
The reason DNA can't leave the nucleus.
What is DNA is too long/bulky to exit through the nuclear pores?
The process of creating a protein from the code found in mRNA.
What is translation?
Name two environmental factors that can cause a genetic mutation.
What are chemicals, toxins, foods, radiation, sun, viruses?
The part of DNA that contains the genetic information.
What is a nitrogen base?
Cells that do not yet have a specific structure or function.
What are stem cells?
The three types of RNA.
What are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?
A 3 nucleotide sequence on a tRNA molecule that matches to a specific mRNA codon.
What is an anticodon?
A substitution mutation which results in a change from one amino acid to another.
What is a missense mutation?
In a sample of DNA, 40% of the bases are adenine. What percentage of bases are guanine?
What is 10%?
The reason your lung cells and skin cells have different structure and function, but still share the same DNA.
What is different gene expression?
Three differences between DNA and RNA.
What is sugar, size, location, bases?
The bonds between amino acids.
What are peptide bonds?
The type of mutation resulting from a change in a section of DNA from TGC to TGA.
What is a silent mutation?