Show:
Structure and Function of DNA & RNA
DNA Replication
RNA and Transcription
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
100

Building block of DNA

nucleotide

100

What does the word "replicate" mean? During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

make copy, S-phase

100

What is transcription? 

Formation of mRNA based on DNA sequences.

100

What is translation?

This process turns mRNA into a protein.

100

What is a mutation? 

Any change to an organism's DNA/genome. 

200

What are the three components of nucleotide? 

phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), base (A, C, T, or G).

200
What is the end product of DNA replication (be very specific!)
Two new molecules of DNA, each is identical to each other and to the original molecule.
200

 Where does it take place?

Nucleus.

200

What are the monomers(building block) of protein called?

amino acids

200

What is a frameshift mutation?

This type of mutation occurs when bases are inserted or deletedm, causing ALL the codons from the point of mutation forward to change, thus change causing all the amino acids to change.

300
Describe the function/purpose of DNA in organisms. What is a gene?
A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that acts as a recipe for a specific protein.
300
Name the two enzymes involved in DNA replication and describe their function.
Helicase: unzips/unwinds the DNA helix by breaking the bonds between the bases. DNA polymerase: makes DNA by adding complementary bases to the other side of each of the original strands.
300

What enzyme builds mRNA?

RNA polymerase

300

Where does translation take place? What cell organelle makes protein? 

Cytoplasm, ribosome

300

Are all mutations harmful? If not, give a counter example.

No. Silence mutation won't affect the protein. 

400

One DNA strand has a base sequence GTCCATA. The base sequence on the second strand of DNA is…

CAGGTAT

400
Why does DNA need to be copied?
So that when the cell divides, each new cell has a complete set of DNA.
400

A single stranded piece of a DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching sequence on its RNA transcript?

UGACUC

400

What is an anti-codon? What is its purpose?

A 3 nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that matches to a specific mRNA codon. When a tRNA finds a matching mRNA codon (with the ribosomes help), it drops off the attached amino acid to be used in protein.

400

What type of mutation is this? 

From: ACG UCC CUA GUG

To:     ACG CCC UAG UG

Frameshift: Deletion

500

Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA

DNA: double stranded helix, ATGC nitrogen bases, deoxyribose sugar

RNA: single strand, AUGC nitrogen bases, ribose sugar

500
Why is DNA replication called a "semi-conservative" process?
DNA replication is "semi-conservative" because each new molecule of DNA has one original strand and one newly synthesized strand (it is half conserved, or half saved)
500

Name the two different types of RNA and describe the function of each of them.

mRNA: delivers a copy version of a DNA gene from the nucleus to the ribosome. tRNA: transfers the amino acids to the ribosome. rRNA: part of the ribosome.

500
A ribosome makes a protein containing 60 amino acids. The corresponding mRNA consists of at least how many codons?
60
500

How does mutations affect proteins? 

When DNA sequence is changed, mRNA would change resulting in different amino acid chains. When the order of amino acids is changed, it would affect the structure of the protein causing malfunction.