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Structure and Function of DNA
DNA Replication
RNA and Transcription
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
100
One DNA strand has a base sequence GTCCATA. The base sequence on the second strand of DNA is...
CAGGTAT
100

During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

S-phase

100
A single stranded piece of a DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching sequence on its RNA transcript?
UGACUC
100
This process turns mRNA into a protein.
Translation.
100

A mutation that does not change the sequence of amino acids and does not cause disease.


What is a silent mutation?

200

The three parts of the DNA nucleotide (building block)

What are deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base?

200

What is the end product of DNA replication (be very specific!)

Two new molecules of DNA, each is identical to each other and to the original molecule.

200

DNA is copied into a strand of RNA during this step of protein synthesis.

What is transcription?

200
What cell organelle makes protein? What are the monomers of protein called?
Ribosome / amino acids
200

This type of mutation occurs when bases are inserted or deleted, causing ALL the codons from the point of mutation forward to change, thus change causing all the amino acids to change.

What is a frameshift mutation?

300

The reason why DNA replication happens.

What is to pass on genetic information to other cells during cell division?

300
Why is DNA replication called a "semi-conservative" process?
DNA replication is "semi-conservative" because each new molecule of DNA has one original strand and one newly synthesized strand (it is half conserved, or half saved)
300
Why can’t DNA leave the nucleus?
DNA is too long/bulky to exit through the nuclear pores.
300

Anticodons and amino acids are found on this molecule.

What is transfer RNA?

300

The type of mutation that occurs when one base is replaced by another.

What is a point mutation?

400
These two men are credited with figuring out the shape & structure of DNA. They used a photograph taken by a female fellow scientist (+points if you can name the female scientist).
James Watson and Francis Crick (+points for Rosalind Franklin)
400

This is the organelle that allows replication and transcription to occur.

What is the nucleus?

400

Name the three different types of RNA. Extra points for telling me what every part does.

mRNA: delivers a copy version of a DNA gene from the nucleus to the ribosome. tRNA: transfers the amino acids to the ribosome. rRNA: part of the ribosome.

400

This is the anticodon for CAG

What is GUC?

400

What is a chromosomal mutation? Give an example.

Alterations to a piece of a chromosome or a whole chromosome

500

In a sample of DNA, 23% of the bases are adenine. What percentage of bases are guanine?

27%

500

Name the two enzymes involved in DNA replication and describe their function.

Helicase: unzips/unwinds the DNA helix by breaking the bonds between the bases. DNA polymerase: makes DNA by adding complementary bases to the other side of each of the original strands.

500

Name 4 differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA: deoxyribose, thymine, long, double-stranded, made by DNA replication. RNA: ribose, uracil, short, single-stranded, made by transcription.

500

The name for long chains of amino acids that form during protein synthesis.

What are ploypeptides?

500

The original strand of DNA is ACT TTG CGA The mutated strand of DNA is ACT TTC GA This is a _______________ mutation that causes a _________ of amino acids.

What is a deletion? What is a frameshift?