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Structure and Function of DNA
DNA Replication
RNA and transcription
Protein synthesis
Mutations
100
Describe the function or purpose of DNA.
DNA contains the genetic material for the organism to make proteins and cells
100
What does the word replicate mean?
Replicate means to make a copy of itself
100
What does transcription make?
mRNA
100
What is the process that turns mRNA into protein called?
Translation
100
What is a mutation?
Any change to an organism's DNA, RNA, or proteins
200
The 4 chemical bases in DNA are represented by which letters?
A, T, C, G
200
What is the product of DNA replication?
The product is 2 new molecules of DNA identical to the one you started with
200
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
200
Which cell organelle makes proteins?
Ribosome
200
Give an example of a beneficial mutation.
Having one sickle cell gene makes you immune to malaria
300
One DNA strand has the sequence GTCCATA. The sequence on the second strand of DNA is...?
CAGGTAT
300
Where does DNA replication take place?
In the nucleus
300
A strand of DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching RNA sequence?
UGACUC
300
The bases on the mRNA are read how many at a time?
3
300
What is a substitution mutation?
When one base is replaced with another
400
The structure of DNA looks like a twisted ladder and is called...?
A double helix
400
What is one mutation that can happen during DNA replication?
Insertion, deletion, or substitution mutation
400
Name one difference between DNA and RNA.
DNA: double stranded, uses thymine, made by DNA replication RNA: single stranded, uses uracil, made by transcription
400
Where does translation take place?
In the cytoplasm
400
What is a deletion mutation?
When one base is removed
500
In a sample of DNA, 40% of the bases are adenine (A). What percentage of bases are guanine (G)?
10%
500
Why does DNA need to be copied?
So that when the cell divides, each new cell has a complete set of DNA
500
Why does the cell make mRNA instead of making proteins directly from DNA?
Because DNA can't leave the nucleus
500
Which molecule brings in the correct amino acids when a protein is being made?
tRNA
500
What is a frameshift mutation?
When one base is deleted or inserted, messing up the entire sequence after it