Vocabulary
DNA Structure & Function
Complementary Base Pairs, Transcription, and Translation
Mutations
Miscellaneous
Practice makes Perfect
100
What is a Nucleotide? What is it made of and what does it do?
It is composed of a Phosphate Group, Sugar, and Nitrogenous Base
Joins together with other nucleotides to create the double helix structure of DNA.
100
What is the name of the shape of DNA?
Double Helix (twisted ladder shape)
100
ATCCGCCATTTTA
What is the Complimentary Strand for this DNA sequence?
TAGGCGGTAAAAT
100
Identify the mutation type based on the change in this gene segment model:
Original: [ A ] [ B ] [ C ] [ D ] [ E ]
Mutated: [ A ] [ B ] [ D ] [ E ]
Deletion
100
What is the main function of tRNA?
To bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome that compliment the mRNA codons.
100
What is the complementary base pair for this DNA sequence?
A T G C C G T A T G G C
Original DNA Strand: A T G C C G T A T G G C
Complimentary DNA Strand: T A C G G C A T A C C G
200
What does RNA stand for - list 3 ways it differs from DNA?
Ribonucleic Acid
Single Stranded
Uracil instead of Thymine
Ribose instead of Deoxyribose sugar
200
What is the requirements for Complementary Base Pairing in DNA Replication?
Adenine always pairs with Thymine
Cytosine always pairs with Guanine
200
Transcription takes place where? What is the product of Transcription?
Nucleus - mRNA is synthesized from DNA which should leave and find a Ribosome
200
Identify the mutation type shown here:
Original: [ L ] [ M ] [ N ] [ O ]
Mutated: [ L ] [ M ] [ N ] [ M ] [ N ] [ O ]
Duplication
200
The codon AUG is unique because it serves as the 'Start' signal for translation. Which amino acid does it carry?
Methionine
200
Transcribe this DNA sequence into a mRNA strand
T T T A C G G C A G T C
DNA: T T T A C G G C A G T C
mRNA: A A A U G C C G U C A G
300
Which RNA holds Codons?
mRNA
300
What is the purpose of DNA?
To store and transmit genetic information.
300
Where does Translation take place? What is the product of Translation?
Ribosome (in the cytoplasm) - an amino acid chain which is a protein (polypeptide), held together by peptide bond
300
Which of these mutation types is most likely to result in a completely non-functional protein because it alters every amino acid following the mutation point?
Frameshift Mutation
300
DNA and RNA are what classification of Macromolecule?
Nucleic Acid
300
If this is mRNA's codons, what tRNA anticodons would pair with them during translation?
C U G - A C U - G A C - U G A
mRNA Codons: C U G - A C U - G A C - U G A
tRNA Anticodons: G A C - U G A - C U G - A C U
400
Which RNA has anticodons?
tRNA
400
What is DNA Helicase and what is its purpose?
It is an enzyme the parent DNA strand preparing it for replication.
400
Using a codon Wheel, give the 3 amino acids producted by this mRNA strand.
AUGUCCUCA
Methionine
Serine
Serine
400
Examine this DNA sequence and identify the mutation:
Original: A T G | C G A | T T T
Mutated: A T G | A G C | T T T
Inversion
400
Which scientists were recognized for the development of DNA's double helix structure?
Watson & Crick
400
Using a codon table, which amino acid is coded for by the mRNA codon GCA?
Alanine
500
What type of replication is DNA Replication?
Semi-Conservative - conserves half of the original parent double helix.
500
What is DNA Polymerase and what is its purpose?
DNA Polymerase is an enzyme and in charge of bringing in Nitrogenous Bases that are complementary to the original parent strand. It is also in charge of proofreading as it moves along the strands.
500
What structure moves along mRNA reading codons during translation?
Ribosome
500
A student looks at a karyotype and notices that a segment of Chromosome 4 is missing, and that same segment is now attached to the end of Chromosome 20. What is this mutation called?
Translocation
500
Provide the name of the item the teacher points to
Answers will vary based upon object on the diagram pointed to
500
Translate the following mRNA sequence into an amino acid chain: 5' UUU CCC GGG 3'
Phenylalanine - Proline - Glycine
600
What type of bonds are present in DNA between Nitrogenous Bases?
Hydrogen Bonds
600
What is the proper name for the type of replication DNA conducts?
Semi-Conservative replication - it keeps half of the original strand
600
Translate this mRNA strand into Amino Acids AUA CAC CGU CCC ACG AAA
AUA - Isoleucine
CAC - Histidine
CGU - Arginine
CCC - Proline
ACG - Threonine
AAA - Lysine
600
Your Task: Compare the sequences below to identify which mutation occurs and what is the result.
Healthy DNA Sequence ATC ATC TTT GGT GTT
Patient DNA Sequence ATC ATT GGT GTT
Deletion
CTT has been removed from the orignal strand
600
What is the different of the locations of DNA in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells?
Eukaryote - Nucleus
Prokaryotes - (no nucleus) Nucleoid (dense DNA bundle)
600
Chargaff's Rule Challenge Question -
If a DNA Strant is 20% Cytosine, how much Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine bases in percentages should their be?
You cannot have more that 100% in a total and Chargaff's rule state A always equals T and C always equals G
Cytosine 20%
Guanine 20%
Adenine 30%
Thymine 30%