DNA
Structure of DNA
Double helix
Tightly packed protein and DNA
Chromatin
Carries instructions of DNA to the rest of the cell
mRNA
DNA: CAT-GTA-CCG-TAT. What is the RNA strand from the DNA sequence?
GUA-CAU-GGC-AUA
Type of RNA that transfers the appropriate amino acid to the ribosomes
tRNA
Adenine and Guanines are classified as Purines or Pyrimidines?
Purines
Adenine pairs with ___________
Guanine pairs with ____________
Thymine
Cytosine
Sugar and phosphate group
Backbone of DNA
The enzyme that "unzips" DNA to make a template for mRNA
RNA Polymerase
Nucleotides that are not involved in the coding of proteins
The site of protein synthesis occurs at this important functional organelle ___________
Ribosomes
Human cells contain more than ______ of DNA
1 meter
The 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule include
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
Organized units of DNA that contain genes that code for traits and proteins; the form DNA takes when cell is dividing
Chromosomes
*Daily Double*
The 4 nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule include....
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
*Daily Double*
DNA nucleotides that do code for the production of proteins and is known as a frameshift mutation that technically loses one or more nucleotides.
Exons
Type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome
mRNA
The amino acid, AUG, is often referred to at this
Start codon
*Double Jeopardy*
When DNA makes a duplicate, is known as....Replication, Transcription, or Translation
Replication
The nucleic acid that serves as a blueprint of life, and contains the instructions for making an organism
DNA
The type of RNA where protein synthesis takes place...
What is rRNA?
A group of 3 three bases on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid is called a ________
Codon
Transcription and Translation will stop when it encounters a...
Stop codon
The reason DNA goes through DNA replication.
To ensure all new cells have a complete copy of DNA
The bond that connects nitrogenous bases in DNA in the rungs of the ladder
What are hydrogen bonds?
The enzyme that binds to the promotor site on the DNA strands and adds the complimentary bases to form the mRNA strand
RNA polymerase
The bond that holds the amino acids together to form a protein (polypeptide chain)
Polypeptide Bond
The purpose of protein synthesis is to simply create a chain of what?
Amino acids
The RNA codon of GAU would transfer this amino acid...
Use your codon chart or codon wheel
Asparatic Acid
Phosphorus (DNA) not sulfur (proteins)
Photo Rosalind Franklin revealed
Photo 51
3 nitrogen bases that are complimentary to the mRNA codons during translation
Anticodon
An RNA strand is AUG-CUA-CCG. What is the complimentary strand?
UAC-GAU-GGC
The secondary process of Protein synthesis in which protein are produced.
Translation
The RNA codon, UCC, would drop of which amino acid?
Use your chart
Serine
*Daily Double*
Name two types of proteins that exist INSIDE the body...
Enzymes
Hormones
Insulin
Ribosomes
Muscle Tissue
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base makes up a...
Nucleotide
Rule that states there is the same amount of guanine and cytosine; same amount of adenine and thymine
Chargaff's Rule
List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule
DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
DNA has T; RNA has U
DNA: deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar
The number of amino acids Eukaryotes possess in their DNA
20 amino acids
The process of using the DNA genetic code to make a protein is called
Protein Synthesis
DNA makes _____
RNA makes _____
_____ do all the work
RNA
Proteins
Proteins